Tanzania is a medium-sized country in the east of the African continent. It has access to the Indian Ocean. Her story includes both the pre-colonial and the colonial period. In the 60s of the 20th century, Tanzania freed itself from colonial dependence and acquired its current name. In the late 60s and 70s of the 20th century. attempts were made to build communism in the country. As in the Soviet Union, collective farms were created and one ruling party operated. However, many were unhappy, and protests broke out, which were brutally suppressed. The population of Tanzania is about 60 million people. and grows rapidly.
Natural conditions
Tanzania is located in the subequatorial climate zone. Rainy seasons are characteristic (2 - in the north and 1 - in the south). Temperatures are not too high, and the islands are blown by breezes. Extensive plateaus are common in most of Tanzania. There are large lakes.
Tanzania population
The number of inhabitants of the country exceeds 50 million people. Their main share (80%) falls on rural residents. The largest city is Dar es Salaam with a population of over 4 million people. These are mainly black residents (about 120 different ethnic groups). Indians, Europeans, Arabs, Chinese and others live in small numbers. Tanzania has the highest proportion of albinos in the world.
On average, there are 4.5 children per woman. Life expectancy is low: 53 years for women and 50 years for men. At the same time, infant mortality is high - 69 per 1000 people.
On average, per year, people in this African country are growing by 3-3.25%.
The population growth curve from 1951 to 2019 has an exponential form. This means that if current trends continue, an emergency humanitarian and environmental disaster is inevitable. A similar fate awaits a number of other African countries. Therefore, it is necessary to start a competent social policy as soon as possible.
The population density of Tanzania is now 62.9 people / km 2.
The religious structure is dominated by Christians.
In 2014, the number of Tanzanians reached the jubilee figure of 50 million. According to forecasts, the population by 2050 will be 83 million people, and by 2100 - 196 million people. Although this forecast (especially for 2050) seems underestimated. Indeed, even at the current growth rate (by about 2 million people a year), after 30 years, there will be 50-60 million more people in Tanzania, that is, there will be 110-120 million people. However, most likely, the growth will be much larger due to its exponential nature. In this case, of course, there can be various fluctuations - local falls and ups of the numbers of natural growth.
The only thing that could save the situation is the implementation of an adequate social and demographic policy and the improvement of people's living conditions.
Tanzania population 2018
In 2018, the number of inhabitants of this country reached 59.6 million people. The increase this year amounted to 1.8 million people. In percentage terms, this means 3.16%. These figures indicate a high population growth rate, which is typical for many African countries and is associated with their backwardness and local traditions. The high proportion of rural residents also contributes to population growth.
Quite a lot of people leave the country, increasing the population in other countries. So, in 2018, the migration increase amounted to minus 46, 810 people, but this is still a little compared with the natural increase, which was equal to 1.87 million people.
Age structure of the population
Due to the large natural growth in the country, the younger generation is sharply predominant. The average age of residents is only 17.3 years. The proportion of people under the age of 15 is 42%, and between the ages of 15-65, 55.1%. Those who are older are only 2.9%.
The age structure is approximately the same in women and men and indicates a high birth rate and mortality. One of the reasons for this is, according to experts, the low level of education and health.
This age structure creates a large demographic burden. In Tanzania, there is 1 unemployed per worker, which is considered an unfavorable factor.
Life expectancy in Tanzania is 52.9 years.
Literacy
This indicator in the country is quite high. So, among the male population of literate 84.8%, and among women - 75.87%. Among young people (15-24 years old), the indicator is even higher - an average of 87.3%.
