The Rook pistol was developed in the late 2000s under the guidance of V.A. Yarygin. Serial production of the model was established at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant. Due to the fact that the pistol was designed at a turning point, his path to the series turned out to be quite long. Today, Grach is gradually replacing the notorious PM and is becoming an integral attribute of law enforcement officers and the armed forces of the Russian Federation. This article will examine the history and technical characteristics of the Rook pistol.
History reference
Work on the creation of a new pistol began in 1991, when the USSR Ministry of Defense formulated the main points of the technical task. The new weapon was supposed to be a worthy replacement for the legendary but already outdated Makarov pistol, which at that time was used as a service weapon in most law enforcement agencies.
Design work was carried out at once at several enterprises. Among them were: Izhevsk Arms Plant, Klimov Institute of Precision Engineering and two Tula design bureaus at arms factories. The project was given the name "Rook".
In the process of development, three pistols for ammunition were created:
- PMM.
- 7.62 * 25.
- 9 * 18 PM.
By that time, the USSR ceased to exist, so the further development of the project was supervised by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Then, in the design assignment, an additional requirement appeared - to remake the Rook pistol under the 9 * 19 Parabellum cartridge. One of the advantages of weapons with such a cartridge was the prospect of export.
Based on the requirements of the standards, a Russian version of the ammunition was created, which received the designation 7N21. The design of the proposed pistols was a series of improvements. Due to poor funding, it took almost six years. Comparative tests of the proposed weapons options took place in 1998-1999.
The final victory was won by a pistol Yarygin (PY), designed in Izhevsk. In 2000, he was recognized as suitable for serial production and use as a service weapon of law enforcement agencies. Since 2003, the Yarygin pistol "Rook" (internal factory code MP-443) has been in service with a number of Russian troops. Currently, the replacement of obsolete PMs with new ones is ongoing. All combat and sports weapon modifications are made at the same Izhevsk plant.
Scheme of work
The purpose of the pistol PYa "Rook" is the defeat of various targets from a distance of up to 50 meters. The use of a cartridge with a caliber of 9 mm allows him to penetrate body armor of the Zh-81 and Zh-86-2 models at a distance of no more than 25 meters.
The mechanics of the pistol operate due to the energy accumulated during the movement of the shutter back. At the time of the shot, powder gases perform two functions:
- Throw a bullet through the barrel.
- Move the bolt back through the bottom of the sleeve.
A remarkable feature of the mechanics of this gun is the use of the barrel with a short stroke.
The return stroke of the shutter is due to the compression spring. It is fixed on a separate stem under the barrel. The bolt is connected to the barrel using a sleeve that is mounted on the front edge of the sleeve reflector window. The Rook pistol consists of 29 parts. Thanks to a rather simple and unpretentious design, incomplete disassembly of weapons is carried out without special tools, does not require specific skills.
The pistol mechanism works in the following sequence:
- When you press the trigger on the trigger, the trigger is released from the sear and puts the drummer in action.
- The drummer hits the capsule, igniting it.
- The bullet is ejected along the barrel, and the bolt moves in the opposite direction, dragging the barrel along with it.
- Having overcome a short stroke, the barrel is disconnected from the bolt, which continues to move further and compresses its own return spring. Separation of parts is carried out using a separate cam on the clutch housing.
- The empty sleeve remains in the shutter until it comes into contact with the reflector, which happens before the shutter reaches the end point.
- Being at the rear point, the shutter acts on the trigger and begins to move back thanks to the return spring. At the same time, he takes the cartridge from the store and directs it to the chamber, mounted on the back of the barrel. At a certain moment, the bolt contacts the barrel, and together they continue to move to the extreme forward position.
- The barrel is locked and the gun is ready for the next shot.
To teach techniques for assembling / disassembling a Yarygin pistol, a series of posters was developed that clearly depict all the necessary manipulations with the weapon. According to these posters, the material of the pistol is studied in military schools and in advanced training courses for employees of law enforcement agencies.
Model Features
Thanks to the use of powerful ammunition, the designers managed to increase the range of aimed fire of the weapon (compared to the Makarov pistol). In the instruction manual of the ПЯ it is indicated that when firing from a distance of 25 meters the dispersion of bullets should not exceed 150 mm. The recoil force and the amplitude of the barrel displacement from the aiming axis at the time of the shot were reduced to quite acceptable indicators. To increase the accuracy of the fire and the durability of the weapon, the inner surface of the barrel was coated with chrome. According to its tactical, technical and operational characteristics, the Rook pistol surpassed the PM.
Score
ПЯ equipped with shops of two types. The first batches of clips had a 17-round styling. Since 2004, the number of shells in the store - 18. Thanks to a convenient change of clips experienced shooter can produce up to 35 rounds per minute.
Types of bullets
For firing from a Yarygin Rook pistol, two types of bullets can be used:
- With a standard carbon steel core. A cartridge with such a bullet is called 7H21.
- With carbide core with increased breakdown ability. The cartridge in this design received the name 7N31.
Disassembly assembly
Disassembly of the pistol PY can be partial or complete. The first option is used for inspection, cleaning and lubrication of weapons. Complete disassembly is necessary to clean the gun from heavy contaminants, change lubrication and repair. Usually it is made after prolonged use of weapons in difficult conditions.
When disassembling, the manufacturer recommends following these rules:
- Before starting work, it is necessary to study the device’s device in detail.
- When disassembling, do not use strong blows and excessive efforts.
- This operation is carried out on a clean litter, laying individual parts in the order of dismantling.
- At the end of assembly, you need to check the correct operation of the weapon without live ammunition.
- Too often disassembling the gun is not recommended.
Specifications
The main tactical and technical parameters of the model:
- Weapon weight with an empty magazine - 950 g.
- Total length - 198 mm.
- Barrel length - 112.5 mm.
- Height - 145 mm.
- Width - 38 mm.
- The number of barrel rifling - 6 pcs.
- Muzzle velocity - 465 m / s.
- Sighting range - 50 m.
- Type of sight - open.
- The principle of operation is the recoil of the barrel with a short stroke.
Gunshot modifications
On the basis of the Grach combat pistol, a commercial modification is produced, which received the designation MP-446 "Viking". The main difference between this weapon and the basic version is the use of a plastic frame, which can significantly reduce the weight of the product. "Viking" is equipped with a magazine for 18 rounds. He also has a sports version, which received a different scope and clip for 10 ammunition. Today, the manufacturer produces an upgraded sports version of the Viking-M (MP-446C), which received the Picatinny rail and the sight from the Glock pistol.
For firing with traumatic ammunition of caliber 10 * 23, the "Vintuk" version was developed. Outwardly, it differs from a combat pistol in a frame that is made of blue plastic. The weapon received a 16-charge store. In addition, in 2010 another traumatic modification of the Rook was created for firing.45 Rubber ammunition, called the MP-353.
The traumatic gun is intended for training shooting and active self-defense. Its device differs from the combat version in that the basis of the mechanics is the free type of recoil of the shutter. The barrel of this gun is non-removable. As in other traumatic pistols, it has two welded "teeth" that prevent the use of live ammunition. When fired, a rubber bullet is cut by these “teeth” and continues to move. If you shoot a metal bullet with such a weapon, this can lead to serious damage.
Pneumatic modifications
Based on the appearance of the pistol, its gas-balloon versions are also created. The most famous among them was the MP-665K model, which was developed and put into series at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, as well as its prototype. Looking at the photo of the Rook pistol in a gas-filled version, it is very difficult to distinguish it from the original. This version is available for recreational and training shooting. The ammunition used is the Diabolo lead bullets placed in an 8-shot drum, or steel 4.5-mm balls, the compartment for which is located in the case of the raised barrel.
The ammunition of the air pistol Yarygin "Grach" is driven by the energy of compressed carbon dioxide, a 12-gram cylinder with which is placed in the handle. Such a cylinder is enough for about 150 shots. The trigger mechanism of the model is designed in such a way that it allows you to fire as a self-cocking, and with the preliminary cocking of the trigger.
The air gun "Rook" of the Izhevsk factory has a 13-millimeter false barrel, which completely imitates a similar part of a military weapon. This feature is due to the integration of a bunker store into it, which accommodates about a hundred steel balls. Their uninterrupted supply is provided at any angle of the gun.
In addition to the Russian version, foreign gas-cylinder models, for example, the Gletcher Rook pistol, are also popular.
In addition to the pneumatic versions of PY, many airsoft modifications from different manufacturers are presented on the market. Airsoft is a military tactical game, the participants of which fight with each other by means of special weapons firing with plastic bullets. The principle of operation of such pistols is based on the use of energy from electric drives. The airsoft gun "Rook" rather resembles a pneumatic rather than a combat version.
Weak sides
At the stage of approval of the model, experts noted mainly the merits of the new weapon. As the operating experience of the Rook pistol has grown, the characteristics of which we have met, its negative aspects have begun to appear. Many employees of special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs criticized its uniform after the combat use of the warhead. According to them, due to the angular and wide handle, the weapon is not enough comfortable sitting in the hand. Among the operational drawbacks are the sharp edges of the store, which is often sutured with a file for convenience. The store was also criticized, which must be completely removed from the handle to check its condition.
If the above features are excusable, then the seizure of cartridges at the time of automatic weapons is a real problem. In fairness, it is worth noting that this shortcoming was fixed for a short time and only when using those cartridges that were produced in Barnaul. The cause of the problem was the insufficiently accurate geometry of the liners. Currently, this shortcoming has already been forgotten.
Another important problem in the design of the Yarygin pistol is the inability to safely remove the trigger from the platoon. Manual removal of the fuse, which takes precious seconds, is considered bad form for modern weapons, as is the resource of only 4000 shots. The clip lock button has also been criticized. It is located in such a way that pressing can occur involuntarily at any time.
Accessories and accessories
Officially, the Rook Pistol, a photo of which gives a visual representation of this weapon, is equipped with a removable Weaver strap. On it you can mount various auxiliary devices: sights, lights, laser pointers and more. For models released after 2011, under the barrel there are mounts for installing a flashlight with an integrated laser target designator. The lantern is mounted on a standard Picatinny rail. A full-time muffler, which would be suitable for the Pistol Rook, does not yet exist.
For everyday wear, special holsters are used, made of thick leather. They have a cover for an additional clip. As an option for transporting the gun, plastic holsters can be used. On the market, such products are represented by several options from different manufacturers. For the concealed carrying of weapons, various schemes for attaching holsters can be used - shoulder, belt, for carrying behind the back and others. It is worth noting that the large weight and large dimensions of the PU make it hidden wearing is not very comfortable.
To store weapons in a safe, a special plastic stand is produced. It has regular places for a pistol, two clips and a set of cartridges (36 or 42).
