The hero city of Sevastopol has a long history. Convenient location, favorable living conditions contributed to the early and active settlement of these territories. Sevastopol, whose climate and weather has a comfortable existence, has always been a place of contact between the political and economic interests of different states. Therefore, the city participated in many wars, which created its legendary, heroic history. The economy of Sevastopol, its infrastructure and features will be the subject of our article.
Geographical position
Sevastopol Seaport is located on the Heracles Peninsula in the Sevastopol Bay, in the southwestern part of Crimea, on the Black Sea coast. The area of the settlement, together with internal waters, is 1079 square meters. km The location on the coast protruding far into the sea of the peninsula determines the landscape of the city. It is extremely diverse. On the territory of the settlement, there are 30 bays that continue with deep valleys and beams. The city is rich in water resources, three large rivers flow through its land: Kacha, Belbek and Chernaya. Also in the boundaries of Sevastopol, three mountain ranges of the Crimea begin: the Balaklava heights, the Kara-Tau hill, the Mekenziev mountains.
Near the city lies a steppe zone with great opportunities for animal husbandry. The soils here are also very diverse, in the valleys you can find chernozem areas. And forest, mountain, brown soils are good for growing various crops. Therefore, Sevastopol, whose climate is quite mild, is well suited for crop production. The region is rich in various minerals. They are mainly represented by non-metallic rocks: there are several types of limestone, clay, and sand. These resources are actively used in construction and various industries.
Climate
Sevastopol is located in the subtropical climate zone. Since the territory of the city is quite large and goes inland, it is possible to divide the settlement into two zones. In the foothills, the climate is temperate continental, on the coast of the sea, similar to the Mediterranean. The mountain ranges surrounding the settlement soften the influence of cold arctic air masses. Sevastopol, whose climate is very mild, is a large ice-free harbor on the Black Sea coast.
Comfortable life in the village is provided by warm days and the sea. In Sevastopol, the sun shines for 2300 hours a year. Precipitation is evenly distributed. The so-called rainy season is not here. There are several days with precipitation in a month. A warm climate and sufficient water contributes to agriculture in the region, there is the possibility of growing many southern crops.
Weather
The average annual temperature in Sevastopol is plus 12 degrees. The frost-free period lasts 238 days. The high season begins in May, but even at the end of April it is warm enough to sunbathe. The best time to relax is September. In the so-called velvet season there is no strong heat, and the water warms up well. The beach period ends in early October.
The average temperature in the summer is around 23 degrees. In winter, the thermometer drops to an average of +2 degrees. Sevastopol, whose climate is slightly milder than, for example, in Yalta or Alushta, in winter becomes a place where you can observe a spectacular natural phenomenon - soaring of the sea. It is associated with a large temperature difference between water and air.
History of the city
The place where modern Sevastopol is located, people began to settle in ancient times. Here was the ancient Greek city of Khersones. The settlement was founded by the inhabitants of Heraclea of Pontius back in the 5th century BC. Later, the city became a large Greek polis, under the auspices of which were the settlements of western Crimea.
Its territories were extremely attractive, as they were located in a strategically important place: at the intersection of numerous trade routes. Therefore, attacks and attempts to capture him were constantly carried out, which caused great damage to the city. The settlement remembers the power of the Goths, Huns, Byzantines, Genoese, Tatar tribes. In the 15th century, the city was divided between three states that constantly fought among themselves. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Russian Empire entered the struggle for this territory.
In 1783, as a result of the liquidation of the Crimean Khanate and the transfer of land under the authority of the Russian Empress, the first stone fortifications were laid in this place. In 1784, Catherine II gave the new settlement a name - Sevastopol, which means "city of glory, a holy city." Count Potemkin was authorized to begin the construction of the port and the construction of the city. And after 3 years, the whole world spoke of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia and the fortress of Sevastopol.
The city was developed by many prominent admirals of the Russian fleet: Ushakov, Nakhimov, Lazarev. Thanks to this, he grew and was handsome. In the mid-19th century, relations with the Turkish side were complicated. During the war, Sevastopol becomes a place of heroic events. For 349 days the city withstood the siege of enemies and survived. But for several decades, Russia did not have the right to create a fleet in the Black Sea. The revival of the city began at the end of the 19th century, when the naval army of Russia began to revive here again.
New history of Sevastopol
From the beginning of the 20th century, the city has another hypostasis - it begins to function as a resort. After the October Revolution of 1917, fierce hostilities are taking place in Sevastopol. And only in 1920 did he finally enter the USSR. During the Second World War, the city again showed its heroic character, although it suffered huge losses. In the following decades, it developed as a major commercial and military port. Here the industrial and recreational infrastructure was formed.
Administrative division and power
The city is an administrative unit of federal significance. The governor of Sevastopol reports directly to the federal center. Local law from 2014 established the division of the city into four districts: Gagarinsky, Nakhimovsky, Leninsky and Balaklava. At different times, Sevastopol absorbed many settlements that retained their name even after they became part of it.
So, today you can hear how residents mention the villages of Andreevka, Polyushko, Orlovka, Kamashly and others. Like any administrative unit of federal significance, the governor of Sevastopol heads the city. The main legislative body of the settlement is the Legislative Assembly. Every two years, Sevastopol, whose population comes to the polls, receives a new Council of Deputies of municipalities.
City Economy
Since Soviet times, Sevastopol lived and developed as a large port, the industrial center of the region and the resort city. In post-Soviet times, its importance decreased due to the lack of a coherent development program. In 2015, the Free Economic Zone of Sevastopol was opened. Its goal is to improve the investment climate in the region. Such a measure cannot give quick results, so today the city’s economy cannot be called prosperous. Although she has great potential. The main economic driver of the city is the port. The main work in Sevastopol boils precisely by the sea. The port has several ship repair and shipbuilding companies. Every year, hundreds of millions of dollars of goods pass through it.
Sevastopol has established mutually beneficial trade relations with more than 80 countries of the world. The second important source of income for the city is the fishing and fish processing industry. Built in Soviet times, the port is still a large enterprise. It produces millions of cans of canned fish, as well as thousands of tons of seafood. The wine industry occupies an important place in the city’s economy. Two plants produce sparkling and vintage wines. The remaining industries - clothing, food, construction, energy - occupy a certain segment in the city’s economy, providing jobs for the population.
City population
Sevastopol, whose population in 2016 reached the figure of 423 thousand people, is one of the largest settlements in the region. Its density is 439 persons per square. km This is half as much as in Moscow. The national composition of the city differs as a whole from the figures for Crimea. 77% of the population are Russians, 13% are Ukrainians, about 1% are Belarusians. The remaining ethnic groups account for less than 1% of the total. Recently, a slight increase in the birth rate has been observed in the city, but in general, the natural population growth is calculated in negative numbers.
However, the number of Sevastopol's population is growing year by year due to migration. The number of people arriving for permanent residence is steadily increasing. People come to the city in search of profit. Traditionally, work in Sevastopol is not a problem. The city shows low unemployment figures. But still 5.5% of people are unemployed. Although Sevastopol always has vacancies, especially for skilled workers in the construction industry. The average life expectancy in the city for men is 63 years, for women - 74, which fully fits into the all-Russian trend.
City infrastructure
The quality of life of the city and its well-being can be estimated by the number of socially significant objects. In Sevastopol, 38 health facilities are operating. They are fully equipped with the necessary equipment and provided with qualified personnel. The network of educational institutions is also well developed. The city has 72 schools and 87 preschool institutions. They fully satisfy the needs of the local population. In Sevastopol, 5 large universities and 6 secondary specialized educational institutions are training.
The city has a well-developed service and distribution network. So, the enterprises of Sevastopol offer citizens a large number of leisure services. The cultural sector is represented by 5 theaters and 5 cinemas. The city has a zoo, a water park, several museums and libraries. Well-developed public transport in Sevastopol makes it easy to get to cultural sites from anywhere in the village. For recreation of local and tourists, there are recreation centers, boarding houses, health resorts. For sports, 4 sports complexes and 5 swimming pools were built. Lovers of an active lifestyle can engage in several yacht clubs.
Roads and transport
Sevastopol occupies a fairly large area. Therefore, the quality of roads is of particular importance. Public transport in Sevastopol is represented mainly by trolleybuses and minibuses. They regularly ply the streets of the village. If the work of transport companies does not cause big problems, then roads often cause difficulties for citizens. The biggest difficulty is traffic jams. There are several “pain” points in the city, where transport is almost constantly accumulating. So far, the administration has failed to solve this problem.
Real estate of Sevastopol
Housing in Sevastopol is not cheap. Its prices vary by region. The most expensive housing, according to tradition, is located in the center. Since this part of the city is very densely built up, new homes appear here very rarely. People here have to rely mainly on secondary housing. High prices are held on the coastal part of Balaclava. At the same time, Inkerman has the lowest property prices. In general, housing in Sevastopol is mainly represented by the old fund. New houses are being built, but so far at a slow pace.
