Do you know how many lines a paratrooper parachute has? What are they made of? You will find answers to these and other questions in the article. A parachute is a device made of fabric, made in the form of a semicircle, to which a load or suspension system is attached by slings. It slows the movement of an object in the air. Parachutes are used to delay the movement of winged vehicles during landing and jumping from fixed objects (or from aircraft) with the aim of a reliable descent and landing of goods (people).
Varieties
Many are interested in knowing how many lines a paratrooper parachute has. At first, air umbrellas were used to softly land a person on Earth. Today, with the help of them, people are saved, they are landing from the air. In addition, they serve as sports equipment.
For landing cargo and cars, cargo sky umbrellas were invented. For landing heavy equipment, several such devices can be used simultaneously. Rescue systems on light aircraft are a variety of them. Such devices consist of a parachute and forced pull accelerators (rocket, ballistic or pyrotechnic). When a dangerous situation arises, the pilot activates the rescue vehicle and the plane parachutes to the ground. These tricks are often criticized.
Small stabilizing parachutes (also being exhausted) regulate the position of the body during an easy descent. Restraining air umbrellas are designed to reduce the braking distance on transport and military aircraft, to stop cars in drag racing. For example, Tu-104 aircraft and earlier Tu-134 models were equipped with such devices.
In order to reduce the speed of the spacecraft when landing on a celestial object or while moving in the atmosphere, parachutes are also used. It is known that ordinary round sky umbrellas have been developed for landing people and cargo. And there are round parachutes made in the form of a Rogallo wing with a retracted top, tape for supersonic speed, parafoils - wings in the shape of an ellipse or a rectangle, and many others.
Devices for landing people
So how many lines does a paratrooper parachute have? For safe human landing, experts have developed the following types of air umbrellas:
- special purpose;
- rescue;
- training;
- landing troops;
- shell planning parachute systems (sports).
The basic types are landing (round) parachutes and wing systems (shell planning means).
Types of army "air umbrellas"
Each soldier should know how many lines the paratrooper parachute has. Army heavenly umbrellas come in two forms: square and round. The dome of an airborne round parachute is a polygon, which, filling with air, takes the form of a hemisphere. At the top there is a neckline (or less dense fabric) in the center. Such systems (for example, D-5, D-10, D-6) are distinguished by the following altitude characteristics:
- normal working height - from 800 to 1200 m;
- maximum emission height - 8 km;
- the lowest level of ejection is 200 m with a decrease in the filled dome of at least 10 seconds and stabilization of 3 seconds.
Round landing parachutes are difficult to control. They have approximately equal horizontal and vertical speed (5 m / s). The weight of these devices is as follows:
- 13.8 kg (D-5);
- 11.7 kg (D-10);
- 11.5 kg (D-6).
Square parachutes (for example, the Russian “Listik” D-12, T-11 USA) have additional slots in the arch, with which the parachutist controls horizontal movement. They also improve maneuverability. The horizontal speed of the products is up to 5 m / s, and the reduction speed is up to 4 m / s.
D-6
And now we’ll find out how many lines the D-6 paratrooper parachute, which was developed by the Research Institute of Parachute Engineering (Aviation Equipment Holding), has a sling. It is used for combat and training jumps from transport aircraft. Previously, it was used by the airborne troops of the USSR.
Today, the modified D-6 device of the fourth series, along with the new D-10, is used by flying clubs and airborne troops. Its corrective system with a dome consists of slings, a stabilizer with a link and the base of the apex. On the lower edge of the arch for reinforcing radial tapes, 16 ropes from the nylon rope ShKP-200 are threaded and stitched. The length of the extreme slings placed in a free state on each loop, from the lower edge of the top to the stabilizer loops, is 520 mm, and medium - 500 mm.
The nuances of D-6
The base of the D-6 dome is made of kapron material art. 560011P, and the overlay is from the same fabric, but has an art. 56006P. Between slings No. 15A and 15B, 1A and 1B, on the basis of the dome, there are slots with a size of 1600 mm, designed to turn the arch with a decrease. At the top there are 30 cables made of nylon rope ШКП-150. 7 slings are attached to the free edges of the suspension structure No. 2 and 4, and 8 to each.
The length of the slings in the free position from the half-ring buckles to the lower edge of the dome is 9000 mm. Marks are drawn on them at a distance of 200 mm from the lower edge of the arch and 400 mm from half rings-buckles of free ends. They make it easy to lay dome cables. Coordination ropes are sewn to slings No. 15A and 15B, 1A and 1B. The dome has an area of 83 square meters. m
The control lines are made of nylon red harness ШКПкр. They are passed through rings sewn to the inside of the free ends of the suspension structure.
D-10
Now we’ll tell you how many lines the D-10 paratrooper has. It is known that this heavenly umbrella replaced the D-6 parachute. Its dome, made in the form of a squash, with a beautiful appearance and improved characteristics has an area of 100 square meters. m
The D-10 device is made for the landing of novice paratroopers. Using it, you can perform combat and training jumps from transport and military aircraft An-26, An-22, An-12, Il-76, an An-2 aircraft, Mi-6 and Mi-8 helicopters. On the ejection, the flight speed is 140-400 km / h, the smallest jump height is 200 m with stabilization of 3 seconds, the limiting is 4000 m with a flight mass of 140 kg, a decrease occurs at a speed of 5 m / s. The parachute D-10 has different length of lines. It weighs little and has many management capabilities.
Each soldier knows how many lines the main parachute of the D-10 paratrooper has. The device has 22 ropes with a length of 4 meters and 4 cables connected to the loops of the dome cracks, 7 m in size from the ShKP-150 nylon rope.
The parachute is also equipped with 22 additional external slings from the ShKP-150 harness 3 m long. In addition, it has 24 internal additional cables from the ShKP-120 harness 4 m in size, attached to the base slings. A pair of internal extension slings are connected to cables 2 and 14.
D10P
What is a good landing parachute? D-10 and D10P are amazing systems. The D10P device is designed so that it can be converted to a D-10 and vice versa. You can deal with him without stabilization for a violent discovery. And you can attach it, put the parachute to work with adjustment - and on the plane, in the sky …
The D10P dome is made of 24 wedges, the slings have a gust strength of 150 kg each. Their number is identical to the number of cables of the heavenly umbrella D-10.
Reserve
And how many lines does a reserve paratrooper have? It is known that the design of D-10 allows the use of spare air umbrellas such as 3-5, 3-4, 3-2. Disclosure of a two-cone lock is insured by parachute devices PPK-U-165A-D, AD-ZU-D-165.
Consider a reserve parachute tool 3-5. It consists of the following parts: a dome with slings, a suspended intermediate system, a satchel, a link for manual opening, a parachute bag and passport, and auxiliary parts.
Spare parachute contributes to the creation of a non-hazardous rate of descent (landing). This is a bearing surface made in the form of a skeleton surface layer with power components that connect the top to the suspended intermediate system.
The parachute has a round arch with an area of 50 square meters. m, which consists of four sectors made of five nylon panels. These components are sewn together into a lock.
To the hinges of the dome are attached 24 slings of nylon rope ШКП-150. Their longitude in the free position from the lower edge of the arch to the half rings of the suspended intermediate system is 6.3 m. To simplify the laying of the arch, the 12th sling is made of a red cord (or an identification red clutch is sewn onto it).
On each rope, at a distance of 1.7 m from the lower edge of the arch, there is a black mark indicating the place where the lines were placed in the knapsack cells.
