In any of the major cities there is a problem of depreciation of morally and physically obsolete housing stock with the simultaneous commissioning of modern new buildings. The capital of our country in this regard is not an exception. With the demolition of five-story buildings in Moscow, which have fallen into disrepair, the authorities are trying to solve the problem of housing depreciation.
"Khrushchev" are outdated?
Painfully familiar to everyone, the five-story "Khrushchev" for many decades adorned the city's landscapes of the capital. Their construction took place in the middle of the last century and captured vast territories.
A distinctive feature of such housing is small-sized rooms, thin walls without proper sound insulation and combined bathrooms. These parameters are no longer quoted today. Moreover, they are recognized as officially unsuitable for life, implying a minimum level of comfort.
It is for this reason that the problem of the demolition of five-story buildings in Moscow is ripe. This epic began in 1998, and the final stage is expected to be completed in the next two years.
What is the Housing program?
Under this name, the municipal Moscow program adopted at the end of the last century is known, whose task is to demolish obsolete houses and provide the former owners with a new modern living space. This program started in 2011.
In connection with the huge number of Khrushchevs at that moment, it was necessary to plan work with a view to a sufficiently long period. In the official list of demolition of five-story buildings in Moscow, concerning emergency and dilapidated housing, there were initially 1, 722 houses. The construction dates for each of them are between 1955 and 1969.
The last stage of the program
At present, less than a tenth of the said amount is alive. The final stage of the program according to the plan falls on the period 2017-2018. During this time, it remains to demolish the last five or six dozen of the ill-fated "Khrushchev".
The main places where the demolition of five-story buildings in Moscow is planned are CJSC, CAO, South-Western Administrative District, Eastern Administrative District, North-Western Administrative District. Most are located on the streets of the northwestern autonomous region. The demolition addresses of five-story buildings in Moscow for the next two years are already known. You can get acquainted with them on the official website of the program.
The financing of the event is mainly occupied by the state, but the participation of private sponsors is also traced. The number of objects planned to be operated at the last stage of the program (in the next 2 years) includes a number of relatively “fresh” five-story buildings, the construction years of which were from 1960 to 1975.
Reconstruction is unprofitable
In terms of their design, they do not have differences with the ones mentioned above, but due to the later time of commissioning, the emergency status of these houses is not yet threatened. More recently, the authorities planned to operate similar buildings in the future.
Moreover, a rather exotic project on the superstructure of additional upper floors in such houses was seriously discussed. But in reality, plans had to be adjusted. The project did not find support among residents and showed its complete financial and logistical insolvency.
The cost of such a major reconstruction, according to experts, was about the same as the cost of demolishing obsolete housing and building a new house. Demolition of "unbearable" five-story buildings in Moscow was still approved. In addition to the "Khrushchev", the list of houses subject to it by the end of 2018 included residential buildings 1-4 floors high, which also received emergency status.
About wave development
In the plan for the demolition of five-story buildings in Moscow, it is provided that the bulk of the work to complete the last period (2017-2018) will be in the current 2017 year. In the next, all additional work on the implementation of the program remains to be completed.
The direct demolition procedure is only part of the program mentioned above. The main task, much more costly and serious in content, is to relocate former residents from the buildings of the dilapidated and emergency fund to the conditions of new comfortable apartments. In this regard, we should mention the concept of the so-called wave development - the method by which it is planned to implement the costly and time-consuming resettlement procedure.
Five-story demolition plan in Moscow - stages of the procedure
This option is considered optimal as a solution to the problem of relocation. It consists of a number of stages, which are as follows:
- Initially, a new house is being built.
- Then the residents of the five-story buildings planned for demolition are populated in it.
- The next stage - the empty emergency (dilapidated) housing is demolished.
- A new building is being built on the territory liberated as a result.
When constructing new residential areas, it is necessary to provide all the required infrastructure. It is, first of all, about child care facilities (schools in kindergartens), then - about medical and other important infrastructure facilities. Around the houses being built, parking lots should be provided, as well as all the necessary communications.
Opinion of the people
Practice shows that the method of wave development has proven itself in the best way. Its application meets the interests of both construction companies and those people who are to be relocated. At the same time, cases of dissatisfaction of residents with the ongoing reforms due to a number of reasons are not excluded.
In such a case, a public discussion is provided with the opportunity for citizens to express their claims and resolve conflicts that have arisen. Actively expressed arguments of the dissatisfied, supported by reasonable arguments, in some cases led to quite serious changes in the initial draft.
Demolish or repair?
And yet, what served as the basis for the decision made by the authorities to launch the program? The demolition plan for five-story buildings in Moscow was developed on the basis of data provided by economists regarding the feasibility of overhauling such housing. According to the conclusions of experts, this process seems unprofitable. Estimated costs for the repair of obsolete morally and physically five-story buildings will not give the expected result.
The very layout of such housing, coupled with material and design features, does not allow us to talk about the possibility of establishing a fundamentally new level of comfort for those living in them. Specialists pointed out that one of the reasons for the inadvisability of major repairs is their layout, in which communications are carried out inside the walls and are practically not replaceable. That is, deciding on a major overhaul, the authorities would somehow have to worry about the issue of resettlement of residents at least temporarily.
Soon everyone will be resettled
At the same time, the vast majority of the objects of this housing stock was practically unsuitable for any repair and restoration measures. Built over 60 years ago, they were designed for a period of residence not exceeding 25 or 30 years.
About 1.6 million people still live in circulation houses. The mayor of the capital, Sergei Sobyanin, announced the decision to complete the last phase of the program over the next two years. Most of the houses were successfully liquidated, residents received new comfortable housing.
