In any country in the world, the population is heterogeneous. The incomes of different layers of society vary significantly. There is a so-called low-income class of population in need of support. Determining who exactly needs social support is not always easy. Currently, there are about fifty categories of people who are assisted in one form or another. In general terms, we can say that these are people who cannot take care of themselves. Often their income is beyond the minimum subsistence level. Let us try to determine what the social support of the population finds expression in.
Pensions
- Pensions of older people depend on their seniority and level of salary during their lifetime. Monthly, the employer makes transfers to the Pension Fund. Of these, the amount of the pension is further calculated. Be that as it may, but even with a low level of income, each person after reaching a certain age has the right to receive money in an amount that is not less than the minimum established by the state. This money is paid at the expense of the state.
- Disability pensions are paid for medical reasons. Their size is affected by the disability group and the ability or inability to carry out work.
- Loss of breadwinner pensions are paid to children under eighteen years of age, as well as to students of educational institutions under the age of 24, in whom one of the parents or guardians died.
Social benefits
- Can be paid to mothers raising children without a father.
- Unemployed people registered in the employment center receive cash payments close to their last salary. But this situation persists only a few months, later the amount decreases.
Scholarships
The amount of this payment depends on the particular educational institution (for example, cadets of military academies receive a larger amount compared to students of civilian universities), student performance, their social status. Also, especially talented students are allocated various scholarships.
Health care
Social support is also expressed in free medicine. Although far from all services the state can pay in full. Therefore, there is medical insurance, compulsory and voluntary. It also consists in deductions by the employer of certain amounts to extrabudgetary funds.
Non-cash social support
Lonely elderly people, whom there is no one to take care of, can count on living in a nursing home, where they will be provided with food and medical care. There are also social services that visit the elderly or people with disabilities several times a week, bring food, help cook, and clean up. Social support for the unemployed lies in their free training in a new specialty, providing opportunities to attend continuing education courses.
There are many other types of state assistance to people in need. Social support is an extremely urgent problem that affects many aspects of public life and requires a comprehensive solution.
