Surfacing a submarine, like all physical processes, is subject to certain laws of the exact sciences, in particular, Archimedes. It says that to completely immerse the body, for example, in water, its weight should be equal to the volume of the displaced fluid.
To comply, ballast or tanks filled with water are attached to the boat. When the ascent of a submarine is required, the liquid is displaced from the ballast by blowing using the power of compressed air. They control the dive using special rudders. Filling or displacing the liquid is carried out to achieve equilibrium.
The idea of the main ballast
When tanks that belong to the main ballast are filled, the buoyancy of the boat is extinguished to ensure normal immersion. Control over this process is carried out divided into groups of the Central City Hospital (tanks of the main balance):
- Nasal.
- Feed.
- Medium.
Ballast controls ascent and dive. For this, all elements are filled or purged at once. Preliminary do the calculation in positional movement. If emergency diving is not required, carry out:
- End ballast filling.
- Case tightness check.
- Landing.
- Filling medium tanks.
When the normal ascent, first carry out the purge of the average ballast. When making a move over water, the ship’s kingstones should be in the open position with emergency claps. It is necessary to close the ventilation valves. The vessel will be held at the expense of the created air cushion in the cylinders.
At the moment the valves are opened, the backing fluid displaces the air and the boat begins to dive. As soon as it reaches the desired mark, the valves close. When the normal mode is observed, at the depth of the vessel goes with open kingston. If it starts to pop up, close the emergency shut for air supply. Normal ascent is accompanied by an estimated volume of air with closed kingstones to save. Sailors do not forget about the residual buoyancy or the difference in the volume of CBH and the water necessary for diving. The difference is compensated by auxiliary ballast.
What techniques are used
Surfacing a submarine may be required urgently or in normal mode. When there is no hurry, it is performed in 2 stages. All actions are involved in the actions. The leader of the vessel manages the activities. To work with the mechanism in two tricks, it is necessary to use horizontal rudders with a stroke. Initially, the ascent of the submarine is carried out to a level of safe depth, then the following actions are performed:
- Set the sonar station to noise bearing mode.
- Listen to the horizon.
- Inspect aft heading angles.
- Write off the coordinates.
- Switch to echo direction finding mode.
- Examine the bow and stern sectors.
- A diesel is being prepared for blowing the tank.
Work can be done on the go or at a complete stop.
How to climb the next parameter
Surfacing a submarine to the level of periscope depth is performed in emergency situations when a combat alert is announced. To do this, create the appropriate feed trim on the middle course. When they reach the desired depth, they perform the following actions:
- Reduce the stroke.
- Trim is removed to zero.
- Raise the periscope.
The commander personally inspects the horizontal surface and checks the air content. To prevent the boat from being thrown onto the surface of the sea, do the following:
- The equalizing ballast is timely filled.
- Extend the antenna.
- Raise the periscope.
The crew must be ready at any time to fill the ballast.
Captain's actions
When the submarine immerses and ascends, as well as during maneuvers, the commander constantly monitors the operations performed by the team and assesses the situation. If the boat reaches periscope parameters, with a favorable assessment of the situation, the captain decides to establish a surface position:
- He gives the order for the feed differential.
- Reaches half a periscope indicator.
- Blows out the middle group.
- Closes the kingstones.
The commander checks the feed and bow settings, the status of the ballast. If everything is in order, opens the hatch on the wheelhouse and goes to the bridge. In general, we examined the principles of the ascent of a submarine. The ship rises to a cruising position, crew members remove all unnecessary retractable devices.
When diving, they perform the following actions:
- Start the prepared diesel.
- The exhaust gases are sent to tanks.
- Fill the ballast to perform a quick dive.
The boat is prepared. The crew is waiting for further captain commands. Without the clear instructions of the main person on the ship, no one has the right to carry out any maneuvers.
Urgent events
Emergency ascent of the submarine is carried out in exercises, honing the process, as well as in emergency situations. During the period of urgent rise:
- The boat reaches the surface position or the specified depth for a minimum period.
- Intermediate depths pass without delay.
- The main ballast is blown under high pressure.
The choice of tanks depends on the situation. If you do not need to increase the trim, blow the middle tanks, keeping the vessel at full speed. At the same time they work with a horizontal steering wheel. By changing the order of liquid displacement from the tanks, the commander controls the ascent, observing the trim. If water begins to flow through a sturdy case, do the following:
- An alarm is announced.
- Close up holes.
- Dry emergency compartment.
- They start the drainage.
In order not to collide with a surface ship during an emergency ascent, observe safety rules.
Submarine surfacing in Arctic ice
The Arctic is a serious territory. To go there, you need a specially trained team, an experienced captain. For success in maneuvering, accounting is required:
- Currents.
- Directions and speeds of ice drifts.
Ice accumulations form such drifts:
- Wind.
- Separate.
- Sparse.
In Russia, exercises were conducted in these places as early as 1934 with the help of icebreakers. The boats sank into ice and went up to five miles under the ice shell.
Pride of America
The United States conducted an exercise with the Arctic ascent of a nuclear submarine. The sight was impressive. For some reason, it hit the television screens. A “randomly” secret operation for a special operation was filmed and published. The crew acted skillfully, worked out to the smallest detail actions in the Arctic ice. There is one caveat that distinguishes our technology from foreign. So, the Russians in difficult situations come up on the go, and the Americans need a stop.
