Many people living in Russia know little about who the miners are and how they live in Russia. Usually, all knowledge relates to the fact that they work deep underground and extract minerals. In general, the way it is, but there are still a lot of nuances in this profession. In order to fully understand who the miners are, you first need to understand what a mine is.
What is a mine?
A mine is underground passages located horizontally, vertically and at an angle. These passages are called workings. Get there using a vertical or inclined barrel. The vertical trunk is a straight tunnel equipped with an elevator, lowering and raising miners, and the inclined shaft is a sloping tunnel that lowers workers using small trailers. After the miners were lowered, they diverge in their places, the distance to the trunk can reach 7 km.
In modern workings, coal is mined using lava. Miners call lava a combine digging minerals, but there are also places where coal is mined using a jackhammer. After the fossils are loaded onto a conveyor, which delivers them to the loading point to the surface. Typically, coal is delivered to the surface by an inclined shaft.
Types of mining professions
Also, not all people know that the word "miner" is a general classification of people working in the workplace. Each has his own profession and a certain type of employment. For example, miners are those people who are engaged in mining themselves, repair and maintain mining machines, or they mine themselves using jackhammers.
Tunnels are made by tunnels; tunnels are needed to supply air and lift from coal mining. Machinists also work in the mine - these are the people who control various mechanisms. Like all similar enterprises, there are electricians involved in the repair of mechanical and electrical equipment. In order for the miners to know the location of all the tunnels and where they lead, there are mine surveyors at the mine, making a map of the entire underground part of the mine, directing workers to the right place.
In order for a person to become a worker in a mine, he must first obtain certain knowledge and skills. This is taught at institutes, technical schools, lyceums for 2-5 years. But you can also take an accelerated training course, such courses are conducted at training centers of the mine itself, usually you can study there in 3-4 months. A person who has completed a training course can work in production, but without career growth.
Working conditions
The profession of a miner is very complex and sawn. Miners work in conditions of elevated air temperature, cramped space. Most of the work is done manually, so the profession of a miner is more complex than on the surface. Maximum safety and efficiency is achieved due to the cohesion of the team, so the specificity of production requires maximum teamwork from people.
Since underground there is a high level of gas contamination with methane, it is forbidden to take with it everything that can cause the appearance of a spark, even mobile phones and cameras are strictly prohibited. In order for the miners to see something, they have a canopy. The canopy is a special flashlight with a helmet mount that has a battery for continuous operation. The canopies are designed in such a way that in any conditions they can not cause a spark. According to the rules, miners must be in a respirator, but workers themselves neglect these safety measures, since breathing in a respirator complicates the work and takes a lot of energy from a person.
Miners salary level in Russia
Miners risk their lives and health every day, is it worth it? At the moment, according to official figures, the average salary of miners in Russia is 43, 000 rubles. But the workers themselves claim that their incomes are many times less. According to statistics, at the time of 2009, the salary was 23, 000 rubles. And already in 2014, employees were paid 40, 000 rubles. During this time, revenues grew almost 2 times.
The salary growth of miners in Russia after 2014 has become less intense, and does not even manage to fully cover the inflation rate. The government of this country declares that it knows how complicated and dangerous this work is. And that there will be no lowering of salaries, and as soon as the country emerges from a difficult financial situation, it promises to significantly increase its salary. The salary of miners in Russia over the years directly depends on the length of service, that is, the more experience the miner has, the more he will have a salary.
Salary allowances
For the risk of their lives and very hard work, miners are supposed to have a salary supplement under the law, but, as elsewhere, there is one flaw. The employer charges the statutory allowance, but not all employers are honest. Most often, employees are not told about a possible allowance, information about its existence is hushed up, and sometimes it even reaches outright lies when employees are told that there should not be any allowance at all. In this case, the miners have every right to go to court and defend their interests, since it is rightfully due to them for the money, and they were obtained by hard work.
Benefits of miners
Despite how dangerous and difficult the profession of a miner is, the government gives meager benefits. One of the significant benefits is early retirement. After working for 25 years on rank-and-file and 20 years on leading specialties, the miner can early retire a legal pension. A miner, after going on a well-deserved rest, can continue to work and receive a pension bonus.
The benefits of miners include free medical care. A miner can conduct a free medical examination, treat injuries at work, check and treat teeth. The state provides benefits for free medicine not only to the miner, but also to his family.
A miner can receive a bonus for experience and quality of work. They issue it once a year, instead of a premium they can give a pension supplement. Miners' children have an advantage when enrolled in preschool.
In the event that the worker received an injury incompatible with work, he will receive cash payments from the state, and he will also be given the opportunity to study in another profession absolutely free. In case of death, the family will receive regular payments from the state.
Miner's Day in Russia
Ever since the Soviet Union, the professional holiday of miners was celebrated in Russia. The tradition began in 1935, when Alexey Stakhanov set a record coal production, having extracted 102 tons with a norm of 7 tons. The first time the celebration took place on August 29, 1948.
Miners are people who, thanks to their merits and production achievements, have the right to privileges from the state to improve their living conditions.
Despite the collapse of the state, the holiday is still celebrated in the CIS countries. At the moment, the celebration of miner's day in Russia takes place on the last Sunday of August. Miners are awarded with diplomas and cash prizes. In some cities, Miner's Day is a big celebration, and it is celebrated with concerts and festivities.
