The universal principle "from simple to complex" is valid for all known levels of organization of matter and is manifested at each of its stages in the form of level of organization.
Modern biology identifies several main levels of organization of living organisms: it is inherent in all living beings molecular and cellular levels, as well as characteristic of more complex structures - tissue, organ, organismic, as well as population, biogeocenosis and biosphere. Every living organism is a mobile system, open for interaction with the external environment. The main "building materials" of a living cell are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids.
Organization Levels of Multicellular Organisms
The molecular level of organization of living matter is the simplest and inherent in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria and protozoa. On it, chemical reactions occur that carry life-supporting functions, and hereditary programs embedded in nucleic acids are also implemented. The next - the cellular level of organization of living matter - has slightly different properties. It is the cell that is the minimum unit of the structure of living matter, provides it with such fundamental functions as growth, development, reproduction. In cells, metabolic processes occur.
Organization Levels of Multicellular Organisms
Cells similar in structure and function form four main types of tissue: connective, epithelial, nervous, and muscle. Several types of tissues, one or two of which play a more significant role, form an organ - a separate part of the body that has a given location and performs a certain set of functions. Organ systems unite, creating a new level of organization of living matter - the organismic; it is inherent mainly in multicellular living beings. Each organism is a stable system, relatively autonomous from the environment and able to adapt to its conditions. Due to the fact that living organisms belonging to the same species have a similar structure and functions, they are able to unite in a population, occupying certain territories, which are characterized by certain climatic features.
Being the simplest unit of the evolutionary process, the population provides the exchange of gene information, the course of the processes of heredity and variability. Biocenoses, which are associations of populations of various species, by interacting with ok
The next level of organization of living matter occupies the rusting environment. It is biogeocenosis that provides the cycle of substances that exists in nature, as well as the maximum interaction of animate and inanimate nature.
The highest existing level of organization of living matter - the biosphere - combines biogeocenoses. It has a single flow of energy, and also combines all of the above levels into a single whole. It is this level of organization of living matter that has the widest range of functions, which include maintaining the constancy of the external and internal structure of living nature, structuring and systematizing its basic elements.
