Fans of the work of the great poetess Marina Tsvetaeva, of course, know everything about her. From time to time they visit her home to once again look at those little things that she used in everyday life. Today, the museum-house of Marina Tsvetaeva has been organized in Moscow. It is a state budget institution and a cultural center of the Russian capital.
Museum Information
It is located at Moscow, Borisoglebsky Lane, 6. The Tsvetaeva House Museum in Moscow works on different days on different days of the week. On Mondays, there is a day off, on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and also on Saturday and Sunday, the center is open from noon to 7 pm, on Thursday - 2 hours longer, that is, until 21.00. The last Friday of the month is also a day off.
Opening
The Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva in Moscow, which is a memorial complex, was opened in 1992 on the day of the 100th anniversary of the poetess. The idea to establish such a cultural center belongs to both public organizations and private individuals, in particular D. Likhachev. Thanks to the museum’s exposition, we learn about the life and life of the family members of the poet and Marina Ivanovna herself. The museum’s building also houses its Russian and foreign archives, a scientific library, a “cafe of poets” and a concert hall where literary evenings are held. Since 2016, E. I. Zhuk was appointed director of the Tsvetaeva Museum in Moscow.
History
The great poetess lived in this house during the years of her youth - from 1914 to 1922. Other members of her family lived here with her. This house was built in the middle of the 19th century, in 1862, in the architectural style of classicism. He had 2 floors, which housed 4 apartments. Later, several more buildings (four residential buildings and outbuildings) were built under the same address, which were united by a green courtyard, in the corner of which there was a well. All this was outside the cast-iron gate. The apartment building in which the Tsvetaeva family rented a house had a peculiar architecture, especially in the interior: many stairs, narrow corridors, cozy rooms, etc. Those who are going to the Tsvetaeva Museum in Moscow can see it with their own eyes.
Years of life in Borisoglebsky Lane
M. I. Tsvetaeva, her husband S. Ya. Efron and daughter Ala settled here in the early fall of 1914. They lived very quietly and peacefully. In 1915, Marina Ivanovna met Sophia Parnok, a poetess, and a year later, with Mandelstam, who immediately felt an outbreak of feelings for her. Her husband either did not notice anything or pretended. He idolized his wife.
The year 1916 was very fruitful for the poetess. Her poems were published monthly in Nordic Notes. This period was also the happiest in her life. After the birth of her daughter, she blossomed in a special way, wore dresses on the floor, decorating them with accessories from amber and amethyst.
But the idyll of her family was destroyed by war and revolution, which carried hunger, poverty, cold. In April 1917, she gave birth to a second daughter, whom her parents named Irina. In January 1918, the husband of the poetess Efron volunteered for the army and disappeared for several years. The house in which they lived and which today is the Tsvetaeva Museum in Moscow is turning into a hostel. They are left with several rooms and a kitchen.
To provide the daughters with heat, Marina Ivanovna was forced to chop all the furniture: chairs, cabinets, shelves. Together, they settle in the kitchen for the winter to at least somehow warm themselves. She exchanges her favorite piano for low-grade flour, from which she cooks porridge. She lacks paper for creativity, and she begins to write down her compositions on wallpaper. At some point, Marina Tsvetaeva, thinking about her innocent babies, gives them to the Kuntsevsky shelter. This decision is given to her with difficulty, but that is how they will be at least fed. But little Irina, left without maternal supervision, dies.
In 1921, the poetess learns that her husband is alive and that he is in Istanbul (Constantinople). At the same time, the news of the death of Blok and Gumilyov reaches her. A year later, taking Alya from the shelter, she goes abroad.
House in the years of the Soviets
During the years of Soviet power, this formerly pretty house remained a large communal apartment. Naturally, no one took care of him, and he was dilapidated and dilapidated, collapsed, and as a result lost his former appearance. For the authorities, he did not represent any cultural and historical value. In 1930, there was even talk of his demolition. Then there was the Patriotic War, and this was out of the question. In 1979, they again started talking about the fact that the house where M. Tsvetaev once lived should be demolished. An official decision was made, the tenants were evicted, turned off the water and electricity. And one of the residents, namely Nadezhda Kataeva-Lytkina refused to move out of there, and the process had to be stopped. The house was saved.
