Manor Dubrovitsy (Podolsky district of Moscow region) is located on the picturesque bank of the river. Fuckers. The first mention of this historical site is dated 1627. At that time, the estate was called the estate of the boyar I.V. Morozova, thanks to which the boundaries of the land were significantly expanded. After his death, Aksinya Ivanovna, the daughter of Morozov, inherited the fiefdom, and she was the wife of Prince I.A. Golitsyna. He was the first of a kind to own the estate. We learn more about how the Golitsyns estate developed in subsequent years, what changes took place in it.
Important milestones
At the end of the XVII century. during the life of Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn - an associate and educator of Peter I - large-scale construction began in the estate. In 1689, the owner of the estate, despite the fact that the early period of the reign of Peter was one of the most influential nobles, was disgraced by the king. In this regard, Golitsyn was forced to leave the capital and settle in the village. He gave his preference to the estates near Moscow. And first of all, it was Dubrovitsy, the estate Marfin, Big Vyazemy. In 1690, an unusually beautiful Orthodox church was laid down in the first estate by the prince, which became a true masterpiece of architectural art.
Description of the estate
Today, visiting the former landowner estate, you can see the well-preserved old buildings on its territory. Among them are the Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1609-1704, the palace itself in 1750, a horse yard, a barrow. Also preserved are three out of four outbuildings and a French linden park. The historical complex is located 6 km from the railway station, in the east of the modern village of Dubrovitsy. The estate was built near the site where the rivers Pakhra and Desna merge. Later, at the time when the Morozovs owned the estate, a house and a wooden church were erected on its territory in the name of Elijah the Prophet.
Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary
An important period in the development of the estate began in 1688, when the fiefdom passed into the possession of Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn (1641-1714). In the summer of 1690, an old wooden church was dismantled on the estate. She was transferred to the neighboring village of Lemeshovo. On the site of the former temple, the prince laid the foundation of a new baroque white stone church. A large number of foreign and Russian skilled craftsmen were engaged in construction. The architectural decoration of the temple invariably amazes with an abundance of highly artistic, elegant sculptures. What is quite rare in Russian Orthodox architecture. Thanks to the professional work of the masters and the high quality of the materials used in the work, one can see the stucco reliefs of the gospel theme here. The four-tier iconostasis and two-tier choirs with openwork carvings are well preserved.
Estate restructuring
In the years 1750-1753. Under Lieutenant Golitsyn, Boris Alekseevich’s grandson, a manor house, four wings, and a horse yard were built on the estate. Farm buildings were also erected. In 1781, due to a large debt, the lieutenant was forced to sell the estate of Dubrovitsy. The estate passed into the possession of Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791). However, he was not the owner of the estate. In the summer of 1787, Catherine II visited the village of Dubrovitsy. She liked the estate so much that the Empress wanted to acquire the estate for her new favorite - the adjutant wing Alexander Matveevich Dmitriev-Mamonov (1758-1803). Thus, in December 1788, the estate acquired a new owner in the person of Dmitriev-Mamonov. Soon the Earl resigned and devoted his time to raising the son of Matthew. The family lived either in Moscow or in the village of Dubrovitsy. The estate, the photo of which is presented in the article, under the new owner has undergone significant changes. In accordance with the latest fashion trends for estate construction, a major overhaul of the facades and the interior of the main house was carried out. And if before the temple occupied a central position, then from the XVIII century. he receded into the background before the artistic and compositional design of the main building. At the time, at the peak of popularity there were palaces in the style of classicism, leaving behind baroque.
Since it was difficult to rebuild the entire house, it was decided to replace only the design of the external facade. In the central part of the south side of the building, a beautiful six-column portico was equipped. The main entrance of the house was complemented by a wide white-stone staircase with Empire-style handrails. The lattice of all the loggias in the building received the same decorative design. Tall stone stands were decorated with two marble lions. Another amazing addition to the main landowner's house was open white stone terraces with circular staircases. Their porches are located on the ends of the building. At the main entrance to the estate appeared a fountain and a bright flower garden. The main attraction of the house was a half-terrace with ten columns in the style of the Corinthian order, located on the side of the Desna River. At the end of the XVIII century. Another significant addition appeared on the estate's territory - the French lime park. It was defeated in the western part of the estate, so that the palace zone would be separated from the complex of outbuildings.
Internal change
The interior of the palace has also undergone significant changes. Small rooms were combined into enfilades of large rooms that lead to the central hall. The latter had an elongated shape, and its total area was approximately 200 square meters. m. Architects tried to give the hall an oval shape. To do this, its walls from floor to ceiling were painted with promising paintings of the architectural landscape. Here were repeating images of elements, such as loggias, arcades, decor compositions. The soft pink tones of the far perspective smoothly flow into the brown shades that painted the columns in the background. On them, the masters depicted a repeating image of emblems, among which there is a symbol of the Dmitriev-Mamonov family. Over time, the painting began to require restoration. In the years 1968-1970. she was restored.
The history of the estate during the possession of Mamonov
After the death of the senior owner, his son Matvey became the heir to the estate of Dubrovitsy. The estate (how to get to the estates, will be described below) passed to him when the boy was only 13 years old, his grandfather Matvey Vasilievich was engaged in his upbringing. In 1812, with the outbreak of war, the count entered military service. During the Battle of Tarutino, a small detachment of Russian troops stopped in the village of Dubrovitsy. They were followed by French soldiers. October 10, 1812 a small detachment of French cavalry I. Murat left the village of Dubrovitsy, while robbing and burning neighboring villages. December 21, 1812 Matvey Aleksandrovich - the owner of the estate - was awarded the prize "For Courage" in the form of a golden saber. In March 1813, he was appointed chief of his regiment and promoted to major general. In 1816, M.A. Dmtriev-Mamonov retired, and from the next year he finally settled in the estate of Dubrovitsy. In this period of time, a secret organization, founded by Matvey Aleksandrovich, the Order of the Russian Knights, begins to emerge. He personally wrote her Charter, which was called "Brief Instruction." The document proposed the abolition of slavery in Russia and welcome the "Russian knights" of estates, fortresses and lands.
The idea of equipping the residence as a fortress seriously occupied the count. Its reflection was the construction of a stone fence with medieval-style teeth around the entire Dubrovitsa estate. Thanks to what the estate acquired the appearance of a castle. The halo of mystery that the Earl enveloped himself in was seriously worrying the government. A suitable reason for the arrest of Mamonov was the beating of a valet, in which the count suspected a secret agent. In the summer of 1825, the bound Matvey Aleksandrovich was taken to Moscow, where he offered violent resistance to the police. The last straw was the refusal of the oath to Emperor Nicholas I. After this, the count was officially declared insane, and custody was established over him. In 1848-1850, during the period when M.A. Mamonov was under arrest; the first restoration of the church was organized in the estate of Dubrovitsy under the supervision of academician of architecture F.F. Richter.
Further history of the estate
In 1864, Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn, a native of the old princely family, became the owner. A lot of effort was made by the new owner to improve the estate. The wall was partially dismantled, the outhouse in the northeast was replaced by the house. In 1919, the Museum of the noble way of life was opened in the estate. However, he did not last long. In 1927, all exhibits were transported to Moscow, Tsaritsyno, Serpukhov. And the estate of Dubrovitsy (the map where the estate is located is presented in the article) has taken the orphanage into its walls. In 1923, the estate housed an agricultural technical school transferred from Bogoroditsk. In 1961, the All-Russian (and then All-Union) Research Institute of Animal Husbandry settled in the estate. A large amount of equipment, possibly overloading electrical networks or oversight, caused a large fire. The manor house burned down at night from June 3 to 4 in 1964.
Restoration
In the years 1966-1970. active restoration work was underway. It was possible to restore the facade to its former decoration, to restore the lobby. The coat of arms, having removed several layers of paint, was returned to the fresco painting. In 1966-1990, restoration was carried out in the church. The USSR Ministry of Culture planned to use it as a museum of religious architecture. But in the fall of 1990 the church was returned to the parishioners. A lot of people flock here. You can get to the estate from metro Tsaritsyno or Kursk station by train to Podolsk. To get to the village itself, where the estate is located, you should take a minibus or bus 65. By private car you should go along Simferopol highway to Podolsk. There on pl. Lenin need to turn right - on the street. Kirov, then on Oktyabrsky Ave. Then you need to follow the signs to the village.
