The ecology of Moscow is a subject of constant discussion of a huge number of commissions, organizations and associations. Nevertheless, for many years, progress in solving this problem has not been observed. Visitors complain of fatigue and lack of oxygen. And the locals, although it would seem, in general, are accustomed to this habitat, every summer they try to leave the capital at the earliest opportunity and take the children out of town, going to the sea, to the mountains, renting country houses in the province.
Ecology of Moscow. General description of the situation
The ecological situation of the capital of Russia is very closely linked to the existence of several factors at once, among which the most important are the local background, the natural conditions of the region and the general climatic situation of the area. In addition, the prevalence of the special winds of the western points, which are observed throughout the year, is of no small importance.
According to the capital’s ecologists, the north-western and western regions are considered the cleanest, because the air in them is additionally cleaned by forests located in the west of the Moscow Region. Due to the hilly nature of the terrain and heavy soils, the pollution from here is largely washed away further to the southeast, not lingering either in the soils or in the surrounding water bodies.
The eastern and central regions of the city receive air contaminated with local infrastructure.
But the ecology of the city in the eastern and southeastern parts largely depends on the winds, because this territory is landscaped by only a third, and the region itself is significantly plowed up and is more industrial than the rest.
Ecology of Moscow. Main problems
If we consider all the available data as a whole, we can conclude that the ecological state of the capital today is very difficult. At the same time, in spite of everything, the city continues to grow and develop rapidly, gradually crossing the ring road and merging with satellite towns.
- It is hard to imagine that on average up to 50 kg per Muscovite. various kinds of harmful substances.
- At the moment, according to officially registered data, the population density is already about 9 thousand people per 1 sq. Km.
- Only 60% of enterprises have installed a modern cleaning system, which means that a huge amount of harmful substances gets into the environment every day.
- Huge damage is caused by transport, as most cars do not comply with accepted requirements and standards for exhaust gases. This type of pollution is now in first place.
Who is following what is happening? At the direction of the local administration, 39 specialized automatic stations now carry out environmental monitoring in the city, each of which is equipped with modern technical innovations. They are engaged in monitoring the level of pollution of the capital's air for the content of about 20 pollutants in it.
Ecology of Moscow and public health
As expected, the incidence rate of Muscovites, in comparison with other regions of the state, is on average higher.
The most common diseases are asthma, pathologies of the respiratory system, liver, gall bladder, various types of allergies, and cardiovascular diseases are also common.
According to recent statistics, of the 94 largest cities on our planet, Moscow (on the basis of all indicators) was in 62nd place, in terms of natural population growth - in 71st place, and in mortality - in 70th place. The survival rate of babies born here is 2-3 times lower than in some other world capitals.
Active air pollution leads not only to a constant increase in asthmatic and allergic diseases in children, but also to increased mortality among older people, especially during periods of annual summer smog.
The environmental problems of Moscow require an immediate solution. At the moment, I would name the following among the main enemies of health:
- lack of oxygen necessary for proper breathing;
- due to the huge accumulation of vehicles, there is an increased concentration of not only carbon monoxide, but also toxic substances - all this is the result of automobile exhausts;
- molten asphalt in the summer;
- in winter, the situation does not simplify, because from year to year, various kinds of chemical reagents designed for accelerated snow melting are increasingly used.
Many Muscovites are constantly exposed to oxygen starvation, which is exacerbated by constant toxic poisoning. As a result, immunity is destroyed at a catastrophic rate, the number of asthmatics is growing, and in the cold season educational institutions are increasingly having to close because of colds, in particular flu.
