In the article, we consider the life and work of the outstanding philosopher, cultural expert and writer Grigory Solomonovich Pomeranz.
Childhood
Grigory Solomonovich Pomerants was born in March 1918 in Vilnius in the family of an actress and accountant. For some time the boy lived with his mother, and his father was in Poland. In 1925, the family reunited, but not for long: soon the parents divorced, the child stayed with his father.
In 1940, Grigory Pomerantz graduated from IFLI (Faculty of Literature), immediately after receiving his diploma, gave lectures at the Pedagogical Institute of Tula, until the war broke out.
Years of service
The future philosopher Grigory Pomerantz voluntarily filed an application with the military enlistment office, but since he had vision problems, he was not called upon immediately. At first, he was in civil defense - he guarded a shoe factory. In 1941 he was admitted to the Communist militia battalions.
In January 1942, he was sent to the North-Western Front, a month later he was sent to the medical battalion, where he was again injured and shell-shocked during the bombing. Six months later, again, but already lame, he joined the ranks of the defenders of the homeland. He was enrolled in the trophy team of the 258th Infantry Division. He was an employee of the division newspaper and the Komsomol management.
In the summer of 1944 he received the rank of second lieutenant and was appointed to the post of party organizer of the 3rd battalion of the 291st rifle regiment. He participated in the liberation of Belarus. In the autumn of the same year, Grigory Pomerantz was wounded in the arm and was hospitalized. Staying there, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star, and later received a second award from the head of the political department and the rank of lieutenant.
After the war
Grigory Solomonovich had to see and survive a lot during the fighting. But even after the war, fate did not stop testing him.
In the winter of 1945, Grigory Pomerantz was expelled from the Communist Party of the USSR, of which he had been a member since 1942, for "anti-Soviet talk." After demobilization, he returned to Moscow, got a job at Soyuzpechat. But there was no question of a calm, quiet life. In 1949, Gregory was again charged, this time with anti-Soviet activities, and sentenced to 5 years in prison.
After his release, he worked as a teacher for three years in the village of Shkurinsky (Krasnodar Territory), and after rehabilitation (in 1956) - as a bibliographer at the INION RAS, in the department of African and Asian countries.
Political Views
Why was the Soviet government objectionable to Grigory Pomerants? His books and other publications were called dissident. His report, “The Moral Image of a Historical Person, ” which he read on December 3, 1965 at the Institute of Philosophy, was frankly anti-Stalin. However, the author himself claimed that he intentionally wrote it in the "Marxist" language.
For a long time, Grigory Pomerantz led extramural disputes with writer Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. The philosopher defended in his judgments the spiritual autonomy of the personality and values of liberalism, contrasting them with the nationalist ideas of the writer.
Philosophical ideas
Grigory Solomonovich Pomerantz considered deep philosophy and, of course, religion as the foundations of human existence. He argued that the only way out of political and spiritual crises can only be "self-sustainability" of a person in culture and religion. According to the philosopher, only the path inward, and not dissolution in the mass, will help to find the meaning of life and find peace of mind.
Personal life
Grigory Solomonovich - writer, essayist, philosopher and culturologist - was married twice. His first wife was Irina Ignatievna Muravyova, who had worked all her life as a literary critic. Their marriage lasted only a few years.
The second wife of Pomeranz Grigory was Mirkina Zinaida Aleksandrovna, poet and translator. Together with her husband, they conducted their own philosophical and religious seminar in Moscow. And they remained together until the departure of Grigory Solomonovich from life. It happened on February 16, 2013.
It is known that the philosopher has a grandson - a religious scholar and historian Muravyov Alexey Vladimirovich.
Main works
A great literary heritage was left to the descendants of Pomerants Grigory Solomonovich. The writer's books in an amazing way motivate the reader to explore the depth of his personality through the reasoning, thoughts and experiences of the author.
Among the works of the philosopher, it is worth highlighting the following: “Collecting yourself”, “Dreams of the earth”, “Openness to the abyss. Meetings with Dostoevsky ”, “ Notes of the ugly duckling ”. Let's consider each separately.
The book “Picking Up Yourself” addresses the issues of the formation of personality through contact of its spiritual component with the culture of different times and peoples, art, religion. The problems of the metaphor of spiritual experience, the dilemmas of freedom and love, religion and ideology are considered.
Dreams of the Earth was published in 1984 in Paris. This book is a true bibliographic rarity. Nevertheless, the problems that the author is studying are incredibly interesting to the modern reader. The publication includes articles on Russian culture, the collapse of empires, examines the images of Russia in the poetry of the 19th and 20th centuries and the possible path of development of the state in anticipation of world cataclysms.
Grigory Pomerantz explored the work of the great Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky and saw in his deepest sense the key to understanding the tragedies of the 20th century. All the author’s thoughts are presented in the publication “Openness to the Abyss. Meetings with Dostoevsky. ”
The author has experienced a lot in his life: the camps, and Stalingrad, and dissidentism. His autobiographical book, Notes of the Ugly Duckling, is interesting not so much in the plot as in the feelings and thoughts born in the author’s head as a result of life's upheavals. It is as if the reader is conducting a dialogue with the narrator and along with him goes the path of spiritual transformation.
The joint work of the philosopher and his second wife Mirkina Zinaida - “The Great Religions of the World” is also worth noting. It explores the images of the most influential religions of the world. The chapters of the book are devoted to prehistoric cults, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, religious movements of the 20th century, which had the greatest influence on art, history and philosophy. The authors managed to combine the poetry of presentation with scientific certainty. The book will be of interest to anyone who is looking for a path into the depths without hard dogma.
Together with his wife, Grigory Solomonovich presented to the reader yet another work - the book “Work of Love”. It contains lectures by spouses and essays on related topics. The main goal of the work is to help the reader restore the integrity of a fragmented world, find himself as a person.
