The correlation of the concepts of culture and civilization is a rather complicated problem. Some philosophers consider them almost synonymous, but the cohort of those who breed these terms and consider them antagonistic is also great. Consider the meaning and origin of these words. "Culture" appeared in ancient Rome and originally meant cultivating the land. The etymology of the term "civilization" comes from the Latin "civis" (which means city dweller, citizen). By this concept was meant a certain level of development of social relations (laws, state infrastructure), everyday life (public buildings, roads, water supply, etc.), mores and art (ethics and aesthetics).
As you can see, on the one hand, the Romans included culture (in its current sense) in the more general term "civilization", and on the other, they contrasted it as something rural and barbaric with the city, enlightened and refined. One can definitely say that at the dawn of humanity both of these phenomena were not antonymic. After all, we say: “the culture of ancient civilizations”, meaning by this an organic fusion of technological achievements and mythology, art and science of one or another people at a certain level of progress.
Man does not adapt to the world, but seeks to transform it. Therefore, we can confidently say that both culture and civilization are a manifestation of the progressive development of human society, that is, a consequence of progress. On the one hand, man is trying to understand the laws that exist in nature, and use them, to receive additional material benefits for his existence. On the other hand, he is trying to realize his place in this world, to find the lost harmony, to comprehend the purpose of his life.
Before the New Time, culture and civilization did not oppose, but mutually complemented each other. The laws of nature were understood as norms established by God (or deities), and thus the sphere of the spiritual actively interacted with the material world. The creation of God - man - created a different nature, which also participated in heavenly harmony, although it found its manifestation in such seemingly mundane things as a water mill, a plow for deep plowing and bank lending.
However, with the beginning of the technogenic era, the concepts of “culture” and “civilization” begin to diverge. Mass production of products coming off the assembly line depersonalizes them, alienates them from their creator - artisan. Man stopped putting his soul into things, and they began to dominate him. Both of these concepts became antagonistic, and in addition, ersatz, the “centaur” of both phenomena, appeared - fashion.
What is the essence of the confrontation in which culture and civilization are? The first operates with eternal values (the classics never become obsolete), and the second proceeds from the fact that gadgets are morally obsolete, they are replaced by other, more advanced ones. Modern science is pragmatic (it is mainly financed only those industries that bring tangible dividends), while the achievements of the spirit do not always pay back the costs. Art, literature, religion are based on the achievements of all bygone eras, while each level of the next stage of progress is often self-sufficient.
