Since ancient times, water has been an integral part of the existence of all living things that exist in nature. The very first thermal complexes for spa treatment began to be built back in antiquity by the Romans and Greeks. Already at that time, people learned that mineral and thermal springs can cure a number of diseases.
It is difficult to imagine life without water, because it has not only firmly entered the daily diet, but has also become an excellent way to cure many diseases. Of course, it should be noted that health directly depends on the quality and composition of water, as well as on its correct application.
You can find out about this and much more by reading this article.
Definition
A mineral source is a guarantee of strength, health and longevity.
Healing sources are waters flowing from the earth's crust and containing various mineral particles that correspond to the composition of the rocks, and the soil from which these waters flow. Simply put, the sources of mineral waters are natural exits to the earth's surface of water (both under water and on land).
Education
The formation of sources is mainly associated with the presence of various tectonic faults, the intersection of water-bearing horizons with lowering relief (hollows, gorges, ravines, valleys, etc.).
Mineral springs also arise in the presence of facies windows in water-resistant rocks, through which outcrops from those very pressure-bearing aquifers are formed to the surface.
Types of sources
Depending on the change in flow rate over time, mineral sources are divided into the following types: very constant, constant (unchanged mode, nutrition is mineral water from deep-seated strata), variable and very variable (they feed on the waters of ground horizons and are associated with the intensity of precipitation from the atmosphere)
There are also descending and ascending types of mineral springs, differing in the nature of discharge. The former are fed by groundwater, moving from top to bottom from the point of supply of the horizons to the point of water outlet. Among them, many sources with cold mineral water are known, with different salinity and the most diverse composition.
Rising types of sources feed on pressure waters (movement occurs from bottom to top). For this group of springs, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfide waters of various temperatures are typical.
Composition and temperature of water
Depending on the occurrence depth and on the connection with the feeding horizon, the water sources have the most diverse composition (nitrogen, sulfide, carbon dioxide, and many others), temperature and mineralization.
Groundwater sources from shallow aquifers are characterized by weakly or poorly mineralized (up to 2 and 2-5 grams per liter, respectively) water. Pressure horizons, deeply lying, nourish sources with medium and highly mineralized water (5-15 and 15-30 grams per liter, respectively) of very different ionic composition, as well as brines, the mineralization of which is 35-150 g per liter or more.
In nature, there are types of sources that are subdivided according to the water temperature: cold with a temperature of up to 20 degrees Celsius, warm with a temperature of 20 to 36 ºС, thermal - from 37 to 42 ºС, high-temperature - more than 42 ºС.
Mineral springs of Russia
Rest and treatment in Russian resorts is gaining more and more popularity every year. This is due to the fact that in the vast expanses of the country there are quite a lot of places where you can combine a wonderful vacation with effective treatment and strengthening immunity.
Nature gave priceless riches to the vast expanses of Russia, supplied excellent sources of healing with power and strength to numerous sources of water. Naturally, the most famous among them are the mineral waters of the Caucasus (more about them in the article below). Also, many other healing mineral springs of Russia, scattered throughout the country, although less well-known, are not inferior to the Caucasian in the properties of mineral waters. There are a lot of sources in Russia, and all of them are different in their origin, purpose and composition.
It should be noted: it is necessary to remember when choosing a resort that the effect of treatment directly depends on the correct selection of water, on its dosage and temperature. Only in this case rest can bring real pleasure, and medical procedures can be of great benefit.
Below are some of the most famous Russian resorts.
Mineral springs in Rostov-on-Don
Mineral springs in Rostov-on-Don are sources in which water is heated very much during repeated circulation in hot rocks. At the point of exit to the earth's surface, its temperature reaches about 25 degrees.
The water of these sources is rich in the following useful minerals: sodium, fluorine, magnesium, iron, sulfates, etc.
Water vapor and warm water are used in the treatment of various types of diseases in the form of inhalations and baths.
Mineral waters of Altai
The magnificent Altai Territory is famous not only for the majestic beauty of the mountains, the primeval nature of taiga forests, the crystal clear lakes and rivers, but also for excellent healing mineral springs. One of the most popular resorts is Belokursky. Belokurikha is located far from the industrial zone.
The waters of the thermal-mineral springs of these places contain nitrogen and silicon. The peculiarity is the only water deposit on the whole earth with a similar content of mineral substances. Water from these sources cures gastrointestinal diseases.
Also in Altai resorts with mineral springs located near the lakes Bolshoy Yarovoye and Gorkoye are popular with vacationers.
Sources of the Krasnodar Territory
Healing mineral water sources are also available in Anapa. The water in them contains relatively few minerals (up to 6 grams per 1 cubic dm), and its composition is chloride-sulfate.
The Semigorsk spring contains sodium chloride-hydrocarbonate water with a large amount of iodine and orthoboric acid. The Raevsky spring contains water with bromine and iodine.
Sochi territories also have numerous mineral springs, but not all of them are suitable for medicinal purposes. In addition, due to the difficult terrain, some of the sources are not available. The most famous resort in the Krasnodar Territory using healing mineral water is Matsesta. Hydrogen sulfide water is used here for balneological procedures.
Sources in Kabardino-Balkaria
There are also sanatoriums with mineral springs in Kabardino-Balkaria. The most famous are the sources located in the city of Nalchik. These are "Nartan", "Valley of Narzans", "Dolinsk-1" and mineral water "Belorechenskaya".
Water sources "Dolinsk-1" and "Nartan" contains iodine, sodium and bromine and is used for the prevention and treatment of gastroenterological diseases. Belorechenskoye deposit contains water that helps to cure numerous skin diseases. It is also used to increase hemoglobin and stabilize blood pressure.
Waters of the Kaliningrad Region
And the western region of Russia has springs endowed with a diversity of composition and excellent healing properties. The water here is sodium bicarbonate and is used in sanatoria in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system, musculoskeletal system and nervous system. Relatively low salinity water contains a large amount of organic matter. Indications for use are various cardiovascular diseases.
In the resort town of Svetlogorsk there are a large number of sources: chloride, brine, calcium-sodium, bromine, boric. The wells where the water comes from have depths of more than 1200 meters.
Mineral springs of the Caucasus
In this wonderfully rich and diverse region, there are several resort towns, on the territory of which more than 300 different types of sources hit from under the ground. A huge number of resorts are located in the cities of Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk and Essentuki, which offer a wonderful vacation with the possibility of combining it with excellent medical procedures based on the unique properties of mineral water. The waters here are carbonic, hydrogen sulfide, salt-alkaline and radon.
In sanatoria, you can undergo procedures to strengthen the nervous system, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, musculoskeletal system, and many others. other
It should be noted that each health institution has its own focus and offers different treatment methods.
Mineral springs of Abkhazia
In the resort of Gagra in 1962, the deepest well was drilled (2600 meters), after which mineral water of high temperature (sulfide, sulfate, calcium-magnesium) was brought to the surface. A distinctive feature of the source is the low salinity of water (about 2.5 g / l) and a large amount of sulfates in saline.
The source, which received the name of the resort, has become an additional therapeutic tool. A hot mineral spring contains water with temperatures up to +46.5 degrees Celsius. It is used in the treatment of respiratory organs, diseases of the nervous system, as well as the circulatory system.
