Not every village is able to compete with the village of Uplands in the Yaroslavl region in picturesqueness. It is located on a large hill at the intersection of roads leading from Pereslavl to Moscow. First mentioned in documents of the 14th century.
Description
In the description of the Highlands of the Yaroslavl Region. the half-destroyed temple always appears. It is a heritage of the rich historical past of this settlement, which comes from the 15th century. The edges of the settlement are washed by the Nerl River, on the eastern side there is an almost dried up famous Torchinovsky swamp. From him in the summer comes a great heat.
Name history
Once the village of Nagorye, Pereslavl district, Yaroslavl region was a district center. Now it is a settlement where 3, 000 people live. It is famous for the production of cheese and confectionery.
Its name comes from the location - the settlement is on a mountain. In the most ancient times, until the 17th century, it was famous as Poreevo or Pareevo. Since 1770, the modern name has been used. That is what he was called during Catherine II in the official documentation.
Geography
The geographical description of the Uplands of the Yaroslavl Region contains information that the village is located in the vicinity of the Tver region. From it, 47 km to Pereslavl-Zalessky, 187 km to Yaroslavl. The village is visible from afar, as it is located on a mountain. The ancient inhabitants noticed this feature, subsequently giving the village such a name. It is surrounded by flat fields and smaller settlements between coniferous forests. There are swamps, spruce groves. Winters in this area are considered severe, and spring and autumn are wet.
The Nerl River, which washes with. Highlands of the Pereslavl region of the Yaroslavl region, flows into the Volga. In the south there is a tributary of the Nerl - Melenka stream. It forms the Nikolsky Pond, as well as several smaller water bodies.
History
In the history of Russia, the Highlands of the Yaroslavl Region has been observed since the 14th century. Then it was a stronghold of the Pereslavl principality. The village was located on the routes of commercial communication between Moscow, Uglich and Ksnyatin. There was a trade duty for the fare here. Therefore, all of this territory was once called that - Wash. Her owners were called Zamytsky.
In 1571, the settlement of Poreevo Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky transferred to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. At that time he had several initiatives, arable land, a monastery courtyard and a number of other objects. In 1593, this region was acquired by Afanasy Alyabyev, investing 100 rubles in it. In 1614, it began to belong to the monastery again. After 10 years, it began to belong to the palace, and after it was returned to Mikhail Zamytsky. At that time there were 33 houses in the settlement.
After that, the future village of Nagorya, Yaroslavl Region, was left to Ekaterina Saltykova, along with a dozen settlements located nearby. This was her inheritance from M.F. Apraksin. The estate was bought in 1770 by Catherine II, and then transferred to the eternal hereditary possession of G. A. Spiridov for the fact that he defeated the Turkish fleet at Chesme. It was then that this locality in the Yaroslavl region began to be called Highlands.
In 1962, a monument was erected on the site of the former manor house. There was also a museum that reproduced the history of the Spiridov clan. In addition, the name of the central street of the settlement was named after Admiral Spiridov since 1944.
Churches
The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker located in the Highlands of the Yaroslavl Region has been famous since 1628. Once there was a monastery in its place, but information about this is only in oral tradition - there is no evidence that he was there. The church was abolished in 1796, in its place a chapel was opened, which survived until 1923.
1.5 km from this place was the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior. In 1785 G. Spiridov decided to install a stone church instead of a wooden one. The construction was completed in 1787. After 10 years, the bodies of Spiridov and his wife were buried here in a stone crypt. Their heir M.G. Spiridov added an additional 2 limits in memory of the former wooden Nikolskaya church.
It is known that there were many jewelry.
At home
In the southeast of the Highlands of the Yaroslavl Region under M.G. Spiridov, there was a boyar house built in 1785. He was surrounded by a plot of 8.7 hectares. Here was a garden, and a lime grove with a greenhouse. It is known that the summer and winter holidays of the Decembrist M. M. Spiridov took place here. When he died, the estate was divided into 4 parts between his sons. These two parts passed to grandchildren.
By the end of the 19th century, in each estate there was an owner’s house with gardens attached to it. In 1847, 600 people lived in the settlement.
In the settlement, as in previous times, 4 roads intersect - to Sergiev Posad, Moscow, Kalyazin, Uglich. At the same time, they were hardly ever comfortable. In spring and autumn it was very dirty, there were no pavements.
Most of the locals were engaged in agriculture, and weaving was also widespread. They were not prosperous; literacy was practically non-existent as of the end of the 19th century. In addition, there was one private public school.
In 1880 there were 114 houses, 11 landlords and clergy houses. During the severe fire of 1885, almost all wooden structures, including the estate, were destroyed. Restored it in 1887.
Trade
This settlement was famous thanks to constant trade. This happened due to its convenient location on trade routes. Fairs were constantly held in the central square. In 1880, there were 6 dozen trading shops, 17 of them were stone.
They sold leather, iron and flour products here. Butcher shops were common, horses, sheepskin, clay dishes, and many other products of local residents were sold.
Local land is represented by sandy soil. This is a fairly fertile soil, but constant fertilizer is required. Here sowed rye, oats, flax. Haymaking was forest and dry.
As a rule, local settlers did not have excess production. For this reason, they traded little. It was sown and cultivated as much as it was necessary to support household life. Cattle included only the necessary animals - there were horses, cows and sheep. As a rule, in a sound farm there was one horse, one cow and two sheep. The poor did not have this either.
Peasants most often ate baked rye bread, radish and onions. Sour cabbage soup was prepared for dinner. A delicacy was considered unleavened bread with barley flour, turnips, cucumbers. Potatoes were rare. Meat and fish appeared on the table only on holidays.
It is noteworthy that there were always a lot of stones in the district. They were found in the fields, somewhere heaped. But quarries or special deposits have never been discovered.
Fishing was not common. Fresh fish was brought to the market from Pereslavl and surrounding villages.
Through the eyes of the inhabitants
This village was poor at the end of the 19th century. It had one-story houses, they were drowned in black. There was practically no food - it was monotonous - bread, radish, peas, onions. When serfdom was abolished in 1861, nothing changed. Scraps of land were distributed to the peasants, for which they paid large ransoms. Therefore, people were deprived of the opportunity to engage in profitable farming. Because of this, riots broke out, they were suppressed. Merchants who bought land from the poor were enriched very actively.
For the most part, trade was carried out by visiting merchants. The local population put up for sale products from their own households. It is known that at that time there were three restaurants. In the years 1865-1867 anthrax broke out, many cattle died.
At the beginning of the 20th century, peasants constantly left for cities to earn money.
There were about 80 students at the parish school in 1912, but only about 10 students graduated each year. According to information preserved in the Administration of the Highlands of the Yaroslavl Region, the village had a library with more than 1000 books.
In 1906, the telegraph was opened. They were practically not used, since it was too expensive for the peasant population.
The local hospital of those times was in terrible condition - ceilings collapsed in it. Information about this was preserved in the newspaper "Old Vladimir". There were 2 doctors, 4 paramedics, 1 midwife. It was all medical personnel at 6 volosts. Patients died in huge numbers. Of the deaths in 1906, 2700 people 75% were children under 5 years old.
In Soviet times
The acquisition of power by the Bolsheviks, the locals met quite peacefully. When in 1917, the local priest N. A. Epiphany called not to believe the Bolsheviks, he was tied up and sent to the city. Soon in the village proclaimed Soviet power.
153 collective farms appeared in the district. In 1929, a telephone was opened, which could only be contacted with the city of Pereslavl. At that time, there were already 4 hospitals and 10 paramedic centers, 6 doctors and 13 midwives worked. There were other medical staff.
Into the war
During the Great Patriotic War, the local population actively worked for the front. It was a frontline zone, refugees settled in this village. In the forests there was an active preparation of campsites for partisans. In addition, they opened a fighter battalion and trained military personnel. The local population raised funds for the tank column "Ivan Susanin", for the whole squadron, as well as for the orphanage. Food, warm clothes were regularly sent to the front. Many went to the front, 700 people did not return from there. Since 1944, the district has been decreasing - out of 120 collective farms, 22 remain.
