In the south of Western Siberia, the Novosibirsk Region is located, which borders the Altai Territory, Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo Regions, and is also one of the border regions adjacent to Kazakhstan.
History of the Novosibirsk Region
The Novosibirsk region was founded in 1937, but the development of the territory took place long before its formation. During various excavations, the remains were found, scientists believed that the first appearance of man occurred in the Paleolithic era, which belongs to the Stone Age.
The territories were gradually mastered, and the population of the Novosibirsk region in the Middle Ages was composed of Turkic peoples led by khans. In the 13-15 centuries, the territory was the eastern outskirts of the Golden Horde, and a little later - the Siberian Khanate.
Only by the middle of the 17th century, according to many scientists, this territory began to be settled by Russians, and somewhere in 1644 the village of Maslyanino was formed. Gradually, the area of the Novosibirsk region began to expand due to the construction of villages, fortresses, fortifications and the resettlement of peoples, when the risks of nomad raids decreased.
Until 1921, the region as such did not exist, since it was part of the Tomsk province, then it was part of the Novonikolaev province, the Siberian region, and the West Siberian region. Only in 1937 the region was divided into two parts: the Novosibirsk region and the Altai region.
Area
Today it is one of the largest constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The area of the Novosibirsk Region is 177 thousand km², it occupies the 18th position among all subjects of the Russian Federation and the 6th position in the Siberian Federal District after the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Region, etc. The length from south to north is 444 km, from east to west - 642 km.
Population
The population of the Novosibirsk region, according to estimates for 2013, amounted to 2.7 million people. Most of them are urban residents, or rather 77%, so the population density is 15.2 people. per sq. km 90% of the population are Russians, and such nations as Germans, Ukrainians and others are also represented. It is worth noting that this region is urbanized, which means that about 60% live in Novosibirsk, 17% - in other cities, and only 23% - in towns, villages and urban-type settlements.
Cities and towns
Cities of the Novosibirsk region are only 15 subjects. The largest is considered to be Novosibirsk, with a population of 1.5 million people, also Berdsk with a population of about 100 thousand people, Iskitim, Kuibyshev and others, where this figure does not exceed 30 thousand people.
The oldest cities are Kargat and Berdsk, which appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, and the youngest is the Ob, formed in 1934. It is interesting that the city is named after the main river of the region, but there is a water artery 15 km from it.
Despite the fact that the majority of the population lives in cities, the region also has 30 administrative districts and 17 urban-type settlements. The villages of the Novosibirsk region have their own history, and some of them span several centuries. One of the most famous is Kolyvan, where about 12 thousand people live, it has a rich history (references to it date back to 1797). Here is the female Alexander Nevsky Monastery, one of two in the entire region. Or the village of Dovolnoye, where about 7 thousand people live. It is believed that it was founded in 1703, although the date is called into question. Near the village there is a sanatorium, which is the base in the field of treatment and prevention of the gastrointestinal tract (built in 1965).
Kuibyshev: Novosibirsk Region
Kuibyshev, where about 45 thousand people live, is considered one of the largest cities, besides Novosibirsk. The city was founded in 1722 as a military fortification from the attack of nomads and was named Kainsk, which means "birch" in the language of the Baraba Tatars. Already in 1743, when the church was built, it was decided to use this territory as a settlement, and gradually it expanded. In 1935, the city was renamed Kuibyshev. The Novosibirsk region, reorganized again in 1937, received this city, which in a couple of years changed its name to Kuibyshevsk and Kuibyshevo, but in the end everything returned to its original version.
For more than 80 years, several schools and institutions of secondary education have been built, a meat factory, a distillery, a reinforced concrete product factory and a garment factory have been opened.
The main attractions are the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist, built in 1904, the only one that survived over the years of Soviet power. Also the Museum of Local Lore, which was opened in 1988, and various municipal cultural institutions.
Nature and climate
The area of the Novosibirsk region is quite large. It is located in Siberia, but with a rather temperate climate, when it is hot in summer and cold in winter. There are no abnormal cold weather, as in most regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, but -51 ° was once recorded.
Part of the territory is covered by taiga forests (1/5 to be exact), where tree species such as pine, fir, cedar, birch grow, there are also meadows and mountain ranges. The region is rich in minerals, including oil, coal, non-ferrous ores, marble, gold.
The main reservoirs of the Novosibirsk Region are the Ob and Om rivers, as well as the Novosibirsk Reservoir, or, as it is also called, the Ob Sea.
The region attracts tourists very much with its nature and the presence of thermal springs and mud deposits, due to which many sanatoriums and boarding houses were opened, where people come to heal and relax.
Economy
The area of the Novosibirsk region is small compared with the subjects of Western and Eastern Siberia, but it is larger than Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland combined, and this allows it to develop its economy in various fields, from industry to ecotourism.
Interestingly, the main income comes from the services sector, accounting for 60% of the gross product, 24% is industry and 6-7% is agriculture, which means that the growth of foreign investment is increasing, which indicates the attractiveness of the region.
The territory is rich in minerals, and 523 deposits have been discovered on it, about 80 of which are currently used. Industries such as engineering, chemical and forestry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, and the production of building materials are also developed.
In agriculture, they are mainly engaged in cattle breeding, poultry farming and sheep breeding, as well as growing flax fiber.
The fuel and energy complex in the form of the oil and coal industry also contributes to the development of the region.
All major cities of the Novosibirsk region contribute to the development of the region. Not only Novosibirsk is the center of the entire economy, but also Kuibyshev, and Berdsk, and Iskitim.
