Krasnoyarsk is the youngest million-plus city in the Russian Federation. The jubilee resident was born on April 10, 2012. At the beginning of 2015, the population of the city of Krasnoyarsk amounted to a little more than 1, 052, 000 people. For the first time in many decades since 2009, there has been a positive dynamics in the birth rate, that is, the number of births is greater than deaths over a certain period. However, labor migrants nevertheless form the basis of the rapid population growth in the regional center.
History in numbers
Krasnoyarsk is a rare example when the ancient Siberian prison, founded by pioneer Cossacks and merchants in 1628, was reborn into a modern metropolis. Other settlements founded in the 16-17th centuries - Tobolsk, Mangazeya, Okhotsk, Verkhoturye, Narym, Tara and others - were destined to either disappear or lead a quiet provincial life.
However, the city did not immediately become a major industrial center. For two centuries since its foundation, the population of Krasnoyarsk did not exceed 3, 000 people. Only by the middle of the 19th century it increased to 6000, when the settlement became the administrative center of the Yenisei province, formed in 1822.
Since the 1830s, the area, its natural wealth began to be actively developed by large industrialists. In 1833 the Znamensky glass factory was erected, and in 1853 - a faience factory. The organization of the Yenisei shipping company, the construction of the railway (1895), and the development of gold mines attracted thousands of migrants from other Russian provinces. By the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Krasnoyarsk exceeded 30, 000 inhabitants.
Soviet period
With the advent of Soviet power, there has been a sharp increase in the industrial potential of the capital of Krasnoyarsk. If in 1923 60, 000 inhabitants lived here, then in 1939 it was already more than 180, 000. It must be recognized that the population of Krasnoyarsk increased sharply during the Great Patriotic War. Being in the rear, the industrialized region has become a convenient “safe haven”, where large enterprises from the west of the USSR evacuated. Many of the workers who arrived came to live in the city. Over the next 15 years, the number of citizens has almost doubled - up to 328, 000 in 1956.
Latest time
By the end of the era of the Soviet Union, Krasnoyarsk became one of the largest Siberian centers, second only to Novosibirsk and Omsk. The birth of a millionth resident was expected by the year 1990. However, the collapse of the USSR and the ensuing economic depression led to a sharp outflow of residents. The city did not know such a mass exodus: in five years, the population of Krasnoyarsk decreased by 40, 000 (to 869, 000 in 1995).
The gradual establishment of the economy, the discovery of new mineral deposits, and socio-demographic projects made it possible to increase the population: the population of Krasnoyarsk reached 900, 000 in 2002. After 10 years, in the spring of 2012, a millionth resident was registered.
The dynamics of the number of years
- 1856 - 6, 400 people.
- 1897 - 26, 700 hours
- 1923 - 60, 400 hours
- 1939 - 186, 100 hours
- 1956 - 328, 000 hours
- 1967 - 576, 000 hours
- 1979 - 796, 300 hours
- 1989 - 912, 600 hours
- 1996 - 871, 000 hours
- 2002 - 909300 hours
- 2009 - 947800 hours
- 2015 - 1052, 200 hours
Forecast for the future
The Department of Social Protection of the population of Krasnoyarsk made a demographic forecast for the medium term. According to officials, the urban population will continue to grow, but the growth rate will decrease slightly. According to the general development plan, in 2033 the number of inhabitants should reach the mark of 1300000 people - mainly due to relocation from other regions of the region.
Work migration
It is no secret that the explosive growth in the number of residents of the metropolis over the past 10 years is due to labor migration. Moreover, the largest flow of migrants comes from other areas of Krasnoyarsk. As a result, despite a steady population growth, there is an acute shortage of personnel in the regions. For example, 600, 000 people are not enough to develop resources and settle in the Lower Angara region! Here, the richest hydrocarbon reserves have been explored, the Boguchanskaya Hydroelectric Power Station has been commissioned, large factories (pulp and paper, the production of MDF boards, aluminum) are being built, but there are not enough labor resources. Obviously, how many people of Krasnoyarsk do not persuade to move to permanent residence in Lesosibirsk, Kodinsk or Boguchany, people will prefer more comfortable living conditions of the regional capital.
There is a migration to the territory of the region of immigrants from the CIS and Baltic countries. In the mid-90s, the leadership was held by the residents of Ukraine, and since the 2000s, the largest percentage of migrants came from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. From January 1, 1992 to January 1, 2004, the total growth of migrants from abroad amounted to 64500 people in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Mostly migrants settle in large cities. So, most of the immigrants live in Krasnoyarsk, Sharypovo, Achinsk, Lesosibirsk. Emelyanovsky and Berezovsky are leaders among the districts, which is explained by their territorial proximity to the metropolis.
Krasnoyarsk region
If the main city in the region is growing steadily, then the population in the Krasnoyarsk Territory as a whole has not yet reached the levels of the early 2000s. Demographic statistics are as follows:
- 1959 - 2, 204, 000 people.
- 1970 - 2, 516, 000 hours
- 1989 - 3, 027, 000 hours
- 2000 - 3, 022, 000 hours
- 2100 - 2, 828, 000 hours
- 2015 - 2, 858, 000 hours
At the moment, natural population growth is observed in most regions of the region with a coefficient of 0.1-0.2 per 1000 people. It is gratifying that positive dynamics are also observed among most indigenous peoples.
National composition of the region
According to the results of the 2002 All-Russian Census, 2966042 people lived in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which is 2.4% less than in 1989 (including 39786 people lived in Taimyr, 17697 in Evenkia).
From 1989 to 2002, the share of Russians in the region’s population slightly decreased (by 0.8%) and amounted to 88.9%, or 2638281 inhabitants. In most districts and settlements (with the exception of places of compact residence of ethnic communities), the Russian population makes up the vast majority. In Taimyr and Evenkia their share reaches 58.6% and 61.9%, respectively. The proportion of non-Russian population in the Krasnoyarsk Territory by 2002 (compared with 1989) decreased from 12.4 to 11.1% (from 378051 to 327761 people).
At the same time, the number of nationalities represented in the structure of the region’s population increased from 128 to 137. The results of the 2002 census attract attention with a significant increase in residents who did not want to indicate their nationality: their number increased by 3.6 times (from 4395 to 15822 people.).
The national composition of Krasnoyarsk
City statistics are not much different from the general regional, which is natural. The fresh census of 2010 did not reveal significant deviations from the 2002 data. The administration collected information on 974591 people, including determining their number by national composition. The population of Krasnoyarsk was distributed as follows:
|
Percent |
Number |
|
|
Russians |
91.96 |
861855 |
|
Ukrainians |
1, 02 |
9610 |
|
Tatars |
1.01 |
9466 |
|
Azerbaijanis |
0.75 |
7039 |
|
Armenians |
0.72 |
6714 |
|
Kyrgyz |
0.67 |
6274 |
|
Tajiks |
0.46 |
4310 |
|
Uzbeks |
0.45 |
4266 |
|
Germans |
0.44 |
4101 |
|
Belarusians |
0.35 |
3325 |
|
other nationalities |
2.16 |
20224 |
Due to the difficult situation in Ukraine, refugees from the Donbass and the Luhansk region are being placed in the region. There are no statistics yet on how they affect the composition and structure of the population. Among the visitors there are many women and children, and it is not clear whether they will remain in the city forever, or return after the resolution of the military conflict to their homeland.
