Philosophical thought in Russia is a unique phenomenon in the history of world science. Russian philosophers assimilated the knowledge accumulated by their predecessors throughout history, and adapted them to the realities of Russian life. Naturally, the general characteristic of Russian philosophy will have specific features that make it an original and peculiar phenomenon in the history of the development of philosophical knowledge. We list the phenomena and relationships that Russian philosophy is studying. The general characteristic of the subject field of this science in Russia includes several aspects.
Society
Russian philosophy studies the structure of society, changes in the course of its development, as well as the possibility of the most optimal construction of society. The main problems of the state and the possibilities of building an ideal society are also studied.
Man
A person is studied from the point of view of his inner world, spirituality. Spiritual and moral development is associated primarily with Orthodox Christianity.
Moral
A general characteristic of Russian philosophy is impossible without a description of morality as a desire to overcome the eternal confrontation of good and evil.
Man and space
A special place in the development of Russian philosophical thought is occupied by anthropocosmism, which considers man as an active particle of the universe, a part of the cosmos as a great house, a single organism.
The main traditions of philosophical thought in Russia
The general characteristic of Russian philosophy is impossible without mentioning the two main traditions that influenced the formation of this direction, namely:
- Slavic philosophical and mythological tradition;
- Greco-Byzantine religious and philosophical tradition.
The periods of formation of Russian philosophy
The following stages of development of Russian philosophy are distinguished.
- The first stage is the formation of philosophical thought in our country and covers the period from X to XII century. The origin of philosophy in Kievan Rus is associated with the development of the process of Christianization. Byzantium had a strong influence on the development of this science.
- The second stage covers the period from the 13th to the 18th century and describes the development of philosophy in Moscow Russia. This period was associated with reforms consisting in the revision and criticism of Christian rites and cults. In the period from the 16th to the 19th centuries, the trends of Westernism (the desire to fit Russia into European culture) and Slavophilism (emphasis on the originality of Russian philosophy, the uniqueness of Russian spirituality) were opposed in Russian philosophy.
- The third period of Russian philosophy from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century is considered “Golden” in terms of a large number of original research solutions and excellent representatives of science.
- The general characteristic of Russian philosophy would not be complete without the last stage - 1920-1991. This is the Soviet stage, characterized by the intensity of philosophical thought. The theory of Marxism was declared the only true one; any ideas different from it were pursued and rejected.
Conclusion
Thus, the Russian philosophical tradition is distinguished by its unique history, which served as such a peculiar development of scientific thought in our country.
