The translation of the clock hands seems to us an established tradition, although these actions began to be carried out for the first time not so long ago. In some countries, discussions have been ongoing for many years about the importance of translating arrows. And all because the key role in the modern, and not only world, time plays. Clock transfer allows you to effectively use the morning hours.
Benjamin Franklin - Founder of Transition
In April 1784, Benjamin Franklin arrived in France as an American envoy and decided to publish a letter suggesting that Parisians need to use sunlight in the morning and thereby save on candles.
This literary satirical creation suggested that you need to introduce a tax on the use of window shutters, and residents need to be awakened by gunfire and the ringing of bells at dawn. Franklin claimed that between March and September, candles are not needed at all, and this action will save on this and save money in a decent amount.
The modern system of George Vernon Hudson
In 1895, for the first time, it was Hudson who proposed the unique Summer Time system. While collecting insects, he realized the value of daylight. In 1895, George Hudson proposed a two-hour shift for the quality use of the daytime half of the day, about which he wrote an article in the Wellington Philosophical Society. In 1898, the publisher published an article by Hudson; in Christchurch, it aroused significant public interest.
William willlet and summertime
Some publications attributed the opening of summer time to the English builder William Willet, who was very fond of spending hours in the air. He often thought about the possibility of moving the clock to the summer period. In 1905, during his stay in London, he noticed that the sun had already risen high, and the inhabitants of the city continued to sleep peacefully and lose precious life time. In 1907, an article appeared in the newspaper with the headline "On the Wasting of Daylight, " in which Willet suggested moving the arrows forward. He vainly promoted his assertion in Britain until his death.
The first translations in the world
For the first time, Germany introduced a translation, and this happened during the First World War. In April 1916, the Germans moved the clock hands forward one hour, and on October 1 they moved them one hour back. After some time, Great Britain also changed time.
March 19, 1918 in the United States introduced the division into time zones and made the transition to the summer period. This decision was made to save coal, which was used to produce electric current.
It follows from this that 100 years ago, Western countries began to apply daylight saving time, this happened in the conditions of war and was dictated by the needs of the difficult period for humanity. The result of the clock transfer was a significant saving of resources necessary for the production of electricity.
How was it in the Russian Empire?
In the Russian Empire, at first they did not respond to Western innovations with the transfer of watches. But already in July 1917, the Provisional Government nevertheless adopted the conversion of watches to seasonal time. But the decision did not become durable because of the rapid change in political views during the war period. After the October Revolution at the end of December 1917, the Council of Commissars of the RSFSR decided to turn the clock hands back an hour.
Time transfer in the USSR
For a long time in the USSR did not return to the question of the seasonal translation of the hands on the clock. The Soviet People’s Committee passed a decree dated June 1930, and time was moved forward by one hour. They began to live in the country according to decrees, ahead of the daily cycle by 1 hour.
The clock was switched to daylight saving time in 1981, but already regarding the time established by the 1930 decree. And then it began to overtake the two-hour zone. The date for changing the clock changed several times, but since 1984 it was determined that the clock will be switched to summer time on the last Sunday of the first month of spring, and to winter time - on the last Sunday of October.
The Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR in 1991 decided to abolish the decrees of 1930, but left a change in seasonal time. And in 1992, it was again decided to return the decrees.
Seasonal time in modern Russia
Daylight saving time in Russia caused a lot of complaints. Most residents of the Russian Federation complained of poor health. Doctors after many studies have announced a new disease - desynchronosis, which is associated with the seasonal movement of the clock hands.
Since the fall of 2011, the Russian Federation announced a decision to cancel the transition to the winter period.
After that, in the spring, Russians switched to summer time, and in the fall, the clock hands were not already translated. In 2011, the Law “On Calculation” was also issued, which determined the calculation of time in the Russian Federation in the legal field. In the document, time zones have been replaced by time zones. The government established the composition of the territories that formed the time zone, as well as the timing. On August 31, 2011, the Cabinet of Ministers adopted a resolution which established (UTC + 4 hours) Moscow time and canceled the seasonal transfer of hands in Russia.
In 2014, on January 20, Sergey Kalashnikov introduced the bill to the House on the return of the winter transition, which, in his opinion, would bring Russian regions closer to astronomical time to the maximum. To approximate the time zones of coordinated world time, the draft law provided for the establishment of 10 time zones, taking into account the largest UTC. As a result, it was decided to prohibit the seasonal movement of the hands.
Today, the Nenets Autonomous District, the Republic of Komi, Chukotka live according to astronomical time. The remaining 22 regions of Russia are two hours ahead of the zone, and 54 hours are ahead of the clock.
At the moment, time transfer is not carried out in Russia.
