The economic life of each state depends on many factors. Equally important are the country's own resources. A mineral reserve is necessary in any industrial sector, agricultural labor, and construction. In turn, the development and functioning of individual regions directly depends on the availability of natural resources and their quantity.
First deposits
The main mineral resources of the Perm region determine the scope of employment. It is actively continuing to develop deposits of oil, salt, diamonds, gold, coal and much more.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that the search for riches gifted by nature is a dangerous and difficult work. Not so long ago, workers who were engaged in the detection of ore were called ore miners. But in the modern world, geologists - specialists with a professional level of training and qualifications - are doing this.
Some mineral deposits in the Perm Territory have been known since the mid-15th century. The geological period, called the "Permian", was marked by the first finds in the territory of this region of long-term deposits of rocks. This merit honestly belongs to the geological expedition of the Englishman Murchison, who managed to discover important natural reserves on the banks of the Egoshikhi.
Perm salt deposits
It turns out that Perm Territory is one of the world leaders in salt reserves. Minerals of the Verkhnekamsk deposit are represented by rock, potassium and potassium-magnesium salts. In the radius of Bereznikov and Solikamsk at a depth of up to 600 meters, thick layers of salt are located. The uppermost layer is stone, it also occurs as an intermediate strip. Behind it is a layer of potassium-magnesium, and the hardest thing is to get to the potash-stone layer. Jokingly, geologists call the field a "pie."
Verkhnekamsk salt deposits formed more than one million years ago. It turns out that once there was a sea. Due to exposure to hot sunlight, sea water was heated and evaporated for a long time. The salt concentration in the gradually decreasing amount of water increased, and it began to accumulate mainly at the bottom of small shallow bays. And when the sea disappeared completely, in its place was the beginning of the formation of an underground pantry of various salts, painted in many colors: from snow-white to bright red.
Rock Salt Resources
Rock salt often has a pink and yellow color, while the full list of mineral resources of the Perm Territory includes a colorless pure subspecies of these reserves. Halite (the so-called transparent salt) easily dissolves in water, it has been used by the population for their domestic needs for several centuries in a row. Upper Kama has places where underground waters approach the saline bowels. This phenomenon was the cause of the occurrence of salt natural sources.
The merchants of the Kalinnikovs, who arrived from Novgorod, became the discoverers of salt business. Interested in the riches of the Permian land, they established salt production near the Usolka and Borovitsa rivers, building several houses and equipping saltworks. After it becomes known that the emergence of the small village of Sol Kamskaya around the main fishing grounds served as the basis for the emergence of the modern city of Solikamsk.
The development of salt production in the XV-XVI centuries
Mostly salt production was the pumping out of brines and their evaporation. An important fact of that time is that table salt could not be so easily bought. It could be purchased at a price affordable not for everyone.
Soon Prikamye passed into the possession of other owners who received royal permission from Ivan the Terrible. In the middle of the XVI century, the land owners became the merchants of the Stroganovs, engaged in industry. Since then, salt production has reached a new level and has glorified the whole Perm Territory. Minerals were sold within Russia and exported to neighboring countries. The economic development of this area brought substantial income and made it possible to successfully develop the industry.
Permyak - salty ears
By that time, many ordinary workers were involved in the salt fields, and to this day a nickname known as “Permyak - salty ears” has been preserved. They began to be called so for a reason. The fact is that labor in the Stroganov industries was not considered easy, since it did not have the most pleasant consequences for the workers. Salt dust seeped through numerous bags of processed goods. On the health of people constantly carrying such a load, this was reflected in the most negative way: shedding corroded the skin of the face, hands and ears, after which they turned red and inflamed.
In honor of the people who selflessly engaged in this work, a monument to Perm was erected in the central part of Perm. Verkhnekamsk salt for quite some time remained the only salt shaker not only for all Russian residents, but also the main source for the development of the chemical industry and food technology. However, with the discovery of more profitable deposits in the lakes of the Volga basin, the salt industry significantly slowed down in the Perm Territory.
Potassium and magnesium resources
Much later not far from Solikamsk, Ryazantsev N.P. was able to discover deposits of potassium and magnesium salts. This was an important discovery for geologists when drilling a well, which later became known in honor of the wife of the discoverer Lyudmila. And after a couple of decades, in the vicinity of the Ludmilinsky mine, geologists found a pink-colored potassium salt, bearing the scientific name sylvinite.
In the process of researching the found area, scientists found that the abundance of mineral resources can provide plenty of glass and potash fertilizers for agricultural production throughout the Perm Territory. Minerals from the same area presented the developers with another surprise literally a year later: under a thick level of rock salt there was a layer of salt deposits, which included magnesium.
From these dark red salts in the future it was possible to obtain a low-melting metal, which is used in shipbuilding and in the construction of aircraft.
Discovery of oil fields
Considering the salt minerals of the Perm Territory (some photos are presented above), it is worth mentioning the accidental discovery of an oil field. In order to identify the boundaries of the former open sea spaces, a team of geologists, led by P. I. Preobrazhensky, in 1928, within the village of Verkhnechusovsky Gorodki, searched for additional salt reserves that had not yet been explored. No one could even suggest that they would find oil at the drilling site. Moreover, they wanted to stop work due to the lack of salt production. Meanwhile, Preobrazhensky refused to liquidate the rig, having decided to continue drilling and further deepening the well.
The instinct did not fail the chief geologist - from a depth of about 330 meters they got a rock filled with oil. As it turned out, the upper oil film was even deeper. In place of the first well, which was respectfully called "grandmother, " a tower was installed. The moment of the appearance of the first fountain that broke through the earth for a long time remained in the memory of people, reflected in literary works, essays, and memoirs.
The discovery of the next oil field in Perm Region occurred in 1934 in Krasnokamsk. This time, as in the previous one, no one assumed that they would again find not quite what they were looking for. Before stumbling on oil, an artesian spring was planned to be drilled in the city. In the near future, geologists discovered several more deposits, including Osinsky, Chernushinsky, Kuedinsky, Ordinskoye and others.
Coal basin in the Perm region
Minerals of the Perm Territory (photos and names of each can be found in specialized periodicals) also have coal in their list. Despite the fact that to date, past coal reserves are not enough to cover the production needs of Prikamye, we should not forget that, for example, the Kizelovsky coal basin provided fuel to the bulk of the Russian territory for more than two hundred years.
It is used in heating plants, industrial enterprises, metallurgical plants and for heating the population.
Extraction of precious metals and stones
In some areas, precious diamonds are still being mined. They are found in rocks and stony placers of the river coast. Colorless stones are found mainly in these places, however, diamonds of yellow and blue colors are often found. Diamonds are faceted diamonds. These gemstones are particularly expensive. They are used not only by jewelers when creating their masterpieces. Diamonds are often involved in many complex manufacturing processes. For example, you can not do without them when drilling hard rocks, processing glass, metal and stones.
They say that the first diamond was found by a Perm serf boy of about fourteen, Pasha Popov. Subsequently, he was presented with free as a thank you for a valuable find. In the vicinity adjacent to the Vishera River basin, gold has been mined for about a century. The most successful deposits are called Popovskaya Sopka and Chuvalskoye.
