The problem of cognition in the history of philosophy is of great importance. The greatest contribution to her study was made by such thinkers as Jung and Kant. In one way or another, any human activity is connected with cognition. It was the ability to him that made us what we are now.
Problems of cognition in philosophy
It is worth starting with the fact that cognition is understood as a purposeful active display of the surrounding reality in the human mind. During this process, previously unknown facets of being are revealed, not only the external, but also the internal side of things is exposed to research. The problem of cognition in philosophy is also important for the reason that a person can be not only a subject, but also his object. That is, often people study themselves.
In the process of cognition, certain truths become known. These truths may be available not only to the subject of knowledge, but also to someone else, including subsequent generations. Transmission occurs mainly with the help of various kinds of material carriers. For example, using books.
The problem of cognition in philosophy is based on the fact that a person can know the world not only directly, but also indirectly, by studying someone else’s works, works and so on. Education for future generations is an important task for the whole society.
The problem of cognition in philosophy is considered from various points of view. We are talking about agnosticism and Gnosticism. The Gnostics are quite optimistic about cognition, as well as its future. They believe that the human mind will sooner or later be ready to know all the truths of this world, which in itself is knowable. The boundaries of the mind do not exist.
The problem of cognition in philosophy can be considered from another point of view. It's about agnosticism. Most agnostics are idealists. Their thoughts are based on the belief that either the world is too complex and volatile to be cognizable, or that the human mind is weak and limited. This limitation leads to the fact that many truths will never be revealed. It makes no sense to strive to know everything around, as this is simply impossible.
The science of knowledge itself is called epistemology. For the most part, it is based precisely on the positions of Gnosticism. The principles she has are as follows:
- historicism. All phenomena and objects are considered in the context of their formation. As well as direct occurrence;
- activity of creative display;
- the concreteness of truth. The bottom line is that truth can only be sought in specific conditions;
- practice. Practice is that activity that helps to change a person and the world, and himself;
- dialectics. It is about using its categories, laws, and so on.
As already mentioned, in cognition, the subject is a person, that is, a creature that is endowed with sufficient intelligence, able to master and use the arsenal of tools prepared by previous generations. The subject of knowledge can be called the society itself as a whole. It should be noted that the full cognitive activity of a person can only be within the framework of society.
The surrounding world acts as an object of cognition, or rather, that part of it, on which the interest of the knower is directed. Truth is the identical and adequate reflection of the object of knowledge. In the event that the reflection is inadequate, the knower will receive not truth, but error.
Cognition itself can be sensual or rational. Sensory knowledge is based directly on the senses (vision, touch, and so on), and rational - on thinking. Sometimes intuitive cognition is also distinguished. They talk about him when he can comprehend the truth on an unconscious level.
