The nature of the Moscow region was transformed by several generations. Each of them adapted to the changes and continued to “correct” it in their own way. Such human activities were not left without consequences. Today, this can be observed in changed forests, in drying rivers and springs, in frequent droughts and sudden cold snap.
Fauna
The rivers and lakes of the Moscow region in the recent past were very rich in fish. In them were found sterlet, whitefish, sturgeon. But factories and plants polluted water bodies, poisoned fish. As a result of the unreasonable use of rivers, the fish stocks of the region have been depleted.
Recently, measures have been taken to replenish fish stocks - cleaning rivers, banning fishing by nets, and a serious fight against poachers. Millions of carp fry, zander and other fish species have been released into rivers and lakes of the Moscow Region.
This work has yielded positive results. Today in the water bodies of the region there are about fifty species of fish. These are tench, crucian carp, roach, pike, chub, zander, ide, carp, gudgeon and others. In addition, they began to breed mirror carp and trout.
Relaxation
Great importance of the water bodies of the Moscow region as recreation places for citizens and guests of the capital. Every year, thousands of Muscovites spend their holidays in the lap of picturesque nature. The lakes of the Moscow region, the rest on the banks of which became very comfortable, thanks to the recreation centers built here, have become a favorite place for many people. Today there are modern sanatoriums, pensions.
In summer, camps for children are created on the banks of ponds; kindergartens and nurseries are brought here.
River status
The most vulnerable are the small rivers of the Moscow region. They are the first to respond to rash human activities - to plowing, deforestation, irrigation, drainage. They have a lower ability to cleanse themselves, more often and more quickly become polluted.
There are currently 4312 rivers in the region. All of them (except the Moskva River) are small. Even a century and a half ago, there were 25% more rivers, and judging by historical materials, there were twice as many springs as today. Thick broad-leaved oak forests in which linden and elm, maple and ash, with a developed root system, grew, retained rain moisture. She entered deep into the soil, and did not run down its surface. This ensured the flood of rivers, prevented spring floods.
Moscow river
This is the real pride of the capital. Its length is 502 km. It originates in a swamp, which is surrounded by hills, 500 m from the village of Starkove (Mozhaisk district). The mouth of the river is located near Kolomna.
The river flows through very picturesque places. They are especially beautiful in the area of Mozhaisk and Zvenigorod. The steep banks with centuries-old pine trees and birches create a unique landscape. Often these places are called "Switzerland near Moscow".
362 small rivers and more than five hundred streams flow into this river. It feeds on thawed snow (61%), rain (12%) and groundwater (27%). In early April, the river opens. Water rises 2 m in the upper reaches, up to 8 m in the lower reaches. Short ice drift - no more than 5 days.
The large left tributaries are Istra, Ruza, Pekhorka, and the right tributaries are Koloch and Parha. Almost in the very center of the city, the river takes a left tributary - Yauzu.
The Moscow River plays a large role in the city’s water supply. At the very beginning of the 20th century, a dam with filters was built in Rublev, which purifies water. A water protection zone has been created here.
Today, the reservoirs that were created in the Moskva River basin (Mozhayskoye and Istrinskoye) play a huge role in the water supply of the capital. Several new complexes are being developed now.
Lakes of Moscow Region
In the suburbs there are many lakes. Most of them are located in the northern and western regions of the region. To date, 350 lakes have been registered. Some lakes of the Moscow region are of glacial origin. They are mainly located on the Klinsko-Dmitrov Upland (Nerskoye, Trostenskoye, Dolgoye, Krugloye, etc.). Larger, but not so deep lakes are located in the Meshchera lowland, in swamps (Svyatoe, Chernoe, Dubovoe, Karasevo, Veliky).
Today, in many agricultural enterprises of the Moscow Region, pond farming is actively developing. Waterfowl and fish are bred here. Such pond farms are in Tsaritsyn, in Zagorsk (Ptitsegrad). These ponds are a favorite vacation spot - in summer you can go boating or fishing. Water from ponds is used to irrigate gardens and vegetable gardens, and the sludge at the bottom is a good fertilizer.
Lakes of Noginsk region
In the Noginsky district, in the east of the region, there is a whole network of reservoirs. These lakes of the Moscow region are contemporaries of the ice age. They are surrounded by forests, in which there are many mushrooms and berries. Lots of fish have been preserved in the lakes, waterfowl settle along the shores. Occasionally a hunter or fisherman appears here who loves peace and silence.
Lakes of this group belong to two basins - the Dubna and Shern rivers. This is White, Vyunovo, Borovoe, Light. Such lakes of the Moscow region belong to the Dubna basin: Seroye, Tonitskoye, Chernoye, Mochino and Teploye. Some of them produce peat.
Lakes in the Moscow Region: Ramensky District
In the area there are many reservoirs of natural origin. One of them is Lake Borisoglebskoye, located in the city of Ramenskoye. The first information about him dates back to the oprichnina of the powerful Ivan the Terrible. The name of this reservoir is associated with the names of the first Russian saints - the princes Gleb and Boris, who were killed by order of Svyatopolk.
Senezh Lake
It is located near the city of Solnechnogorsk. It is considered the largest lake in the Moscow region. This is a beautiful corner of nature. It has long been chosen by Muscovites-fishers. Its picturesque green shores caress the gaze. The lake is surrounded by dense groves in which you can find bright lawns covered with flowers. In spring and autumn on the shores of the lake, migratory waterfowl stop for rest.
Deep Lake
In the Ruza district, among the swampy forests, 20 km north of the Tuchkovo station, there is a small lake Glubokoe, whose area is about 55 hectares. It is located in the basin. In the eastern part, its depth reaches 38 m.
Not all lakes in the Moscow Region are so deep, so its name is justified.
Blue clay and large boulders were found at its bottom. This indicates the glacial origin of the reservoir. The banks are overgrown with reeds and various shrubs. From the lake flows a small river Malaya Istra.
Glubokoe is famous for a large number of fish, so fishermen come here from all over the region. Here is the hydrobiological station of Moscow State University. She studies the lakes of the Moscow region for the subsequent settlement of their various fish.
