Rukavishnikov Nikolay Nikolaevich - twenty-third Soviet cosmonaut, as well as a test engineer at Soyuz-10 and Salyut station. He was a flight engineer at Soyuz-16. Member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He received many government awards for his activities. Rukavishnikov N.N. first made an emergency landing of the spacecraft manually.
A family
Rukavishnikov Nikolay Nikolaevich was born on September 18, 1932 in the city of Tomsk. His mother, Galina Ivanovna, worked as a design engineer on the railway. Stepfather - the head of the construction project. When he grew up, Nikolai Nikolaevich married Nina Vasilievna, who first worked as a senior mechanic, and then became a housewife. They had a son, Vladimir.
Education
First, Nikolai studied at an Uzbek school in Angrem. Then he continued his studies in Tomsk. While mother and father worked in Mongolia, from 1947 to 1950. studied at a school in the border town of Kekhtayts. He graduated from high school in Moscow in 1951. Then he entered the capital's mechanical university (now the Physics and Engineering Institute) at the faculty of electronic computing devices and automation. He graduated in 1957, having received the specialty of a physical engineer. In 1980, having defended a candidate, he became a candidate of technical sciences.
Most of all he loved geography, mathematics and physics. Nikolai’s father managed to instill in his son a love of radio business from early childhood. And Nikolai kept this feeling for life. At the institute he was fond of scientific work. Among the other students of Nicholas, such qualities as curiosity, an inquiring mind, industriousness and thoughtfulness were distinguished.
Labor activity
Since 1957, Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov worked as an engineer at TsNII-58. He commissioned the computer. At the same time he was engaged in the design, development, installation and testing of control systems, including the technical protection of nuclear reactors.
Since 1957, he worked in the twenty-first department of OKB-1 as an engineer. Developed automatic control systems for interplanetary stations, participated in the creation of factory and flight tests. In 1960, N. Rukavishnikov was promoted to the position of senior engineer. He led a group that was developing space objects control systems. The management liked the quality and pace of his work, so Nikolai quickly grew up the career ladder. It is worth noting that he never used any concessions and achieved everything with his own labor.
From 1962 to 1963 Nikolai Nikolaevich created an on-board control and automation system for processing the information received, and since the fall of 1964 he was appointed head of the development team.
Flight preparation
In 1964, Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov was sent for medical examination as a candidate for cosmonauts, but the commission did not give admission. Two years later, he underwent a medical examination again, and finally was appointed a test astronaut. At the same time he participated in the creation of space objects control systems. Developed with the group instruments, airborne systems, etc., took part in the tests.
In 1967, Nikolai became a member of the cosmonaut corps and was enrolled in the testers. Until 1970, he underwent special training for flying around the moon and landing on it. In the seventy-first year, he received the post of third-class test cosmonaut.
But all the preparations turned out to be useless: accidents occurred during rocket launches, and the leadership could not risk the lives of the astronauts. Flights had to be postponed. Nevertheless, preparations for the space flight continued, only to the Salyut orbital station.
First flight
Cosmonaut Rukavishnikov, whose biography is described in this article, made his first flight in April 1971 as a test engineer at Soyuz-10. This was the first time around the world that a spacecraft docked with a station. But it was not possible to complete a complete contraction for the tightness of the joint, so the astronauts did not transfer to the orbital station this time.
Nikolai Nikolayevich was supposed to make his second flight on July 20, 1971. But almost a month before this date, the entire Soyuz-11 crew died, so the sorties were temporarily canceled. In September of the same year, Rukavishnikov became deputy head of the department.
Second flight
Tomsk cosmonaut Rukavishnikov made his second flight in December 1974 as a flight engineer on the Soyuz-16 spacecraft. The flight lasted 5 days 22 hours. 23 minutes 35 sec A. Filipenko was appointed commander of the spacecraft. The astronauts coped with the task brilliantly. The program was designed for two test flights, and six months later it was necessary to duplicate the main crew of the ship.
For this, the EPAS program (experimental flight) was created, within the framework of which the second flight was carried out. In 1975, N. N. Rukavishnikov underwent additional training for the next flight, and in 1977 the same, but for the post of commander of the Union.
Third flight
Rukavishnikov made his third space flight in April 1979 as a commander, and this was his first flight as the head of a civilian. When the ship approached the orbital station, an emergency occurred - the engines switched off spontaneously. Only thanks to the competent command of Nikolai Nikolayevich, the crew remained alive and safely returned to Earth. The first time an emergency landing was performed manually.
End of flight
In the eighty-third year, Rukavishnikov, an astronaut who had already traveled to space three times, began to prepare for the next flight again, was appointed to the first Soviet-Indian crew. But due to health reasons, the candidacy of Nikolai Nikolayevich was rejected, and he was suspended from preparation for the flight. In 1987, he was expelled from the astronauts in connection with his retirement.
Rukavishnikov often lectured in the Knowledge Society, was a member of his board and a permanent host of radio broadcasts about space. Until his retirement, he worked as a deputy. Head of RSC Energia, at the same time was the president of the Cosmonautics Federation, first of the Soviet Union, then Russia.
Mittens as a person
As everyone who knew him remembered Nikolai Nikolayevich, he was a very interesting person, sympathetic, unusually lively and cheerful. Since Nikolay Rukavishnikov knew a lot, he was an excellent storyteller. He always responded to requests for help, and many even called him Tomsk Gagarin. A bust monument to him was installed during his lifetime.
