Modern scientists under the concept of "national economy" mean:
• A system consisting of many types of interconnected activities.
• The system of reproduction historically established within fixed boundaries.
• A complex of industries and a wide variety of types of production, permeating all forms of labor in a particular country.
The national economy has broad objectives:
• formation of stable economic growth;
• maintaining prices at a fixed level;
• providing employment and eliminating unemployment;
• maintaining a balanced balance of foreign trade;
• maintaining the most vulnerable social groups.
The structure of the national economy is a stable relationship between the parts of which it consists. If we consider the concept, guided by the principles of economic theory, then we can analyze the territorial, reproductive, sectoral and socio-economic approaches.
In the reproductive sense, the structure of the national economy is delimited into spheres or a system of similar industries:
• Production of wealth. This group includes all industries that produce physical wealth.
• Science, education, etc. areas producing services, spiritual values, knowledge, information, etc. Products that are produced by the non-material sphere do not directly participate in material production, however, they are its necessary component. In addition, they also have such characteristics as cost, consumer value, etc.
• Non-production sectors that consume the maximum share of national income and generate funds, which will then be transferred to other economic sectors. These include defense, jurisdiction, religious, community and other organizations, as well as households.
The reproduction structure of the national economy, in addition to the above areas, can be distinguished by the principle of dividing the social product by its value and material or material composition.
Socio-economic classification divides the national economy into separate structures (sectors) defined by the socio-economic relations that have developed in them. It can be groups of people or enterprises, certain types of labor, forms of social production, etc.
The structure of the national economy usually includes the following sectors:
• State, representing the totality of enterprises owned by the state, managed by persons appointed by the state.
• Municipal (local).
• Private.
• Mixed, allowing independent decisions, but leaving the priority to the state.
• Collective.
Territorial division implies that the national economy and its structure can be divided into economic regions.
The structure of the national economy is a very complicated, multi-part mechanism. It is constantly getting complicated. The deeper the division of labor becomes, the more specialized production becomes, the more noticeable progress, the more complex this mechanism.
It should be said that the structure of the national economy is being built differently in different countries. It is due to the features of scientific development, technological progress, the development of a particular type of production. Usually these components develop at different rates.
However, we can assume that the structure of the national economy of each country should:
• Contribute to establishing the most efficient economy.
• Prevent a decline in production.
• Maintain macroeconomic equilibrium.
• Eliminate unprofitable production or reprofile them into profitable enterprises.
• Maintain market relations at a decent height.
• Maintain a balanced economy, observe general economic, intersectoral, territorial and foreign economic proportions.
