Our capital is rich in sights and memorable places. Many of them have become protected. They collected the whole history of our people, the country. In this article we want to introduce you to the most interesting museum-reserve Kolomenskoye, which is located almost in the very center of Moscow.
More recently, it was an ordinary park, in which residents of neighboring regions walked, married in the Church of Our Lady of Kazan, baptized children, celebrated church holidays.
Today the Kolomenskoye Museum occupies a vast territory - 390 hectares. It has more than thirty architectural monuments, fifteen natural monuments.
From the history of Kolomensky
More than 2.5 thousand years ago, on a hill with a flat top, a settlement arose - Dyakovo settlement. Studies by archaeologists suggest that people lived here even earlier - many monuments located near Dyakovsky hill date back to the 5th-3rd millennium BC. e.
The village of Kolomenskoye was founded by the inhabitants of Kolomna, who fled from Batu Khan. It was first mentioned in the XIV century, in the letters of Ivan Kalita.
Starting from the XIV century, the village turns into a summer estate of Moscow princes. The architectural ensemble of the estate developed over two centuries (XVI - XVII centuries) as a summer royal residence.
In 1532, Vasily III, the father of Ivan the Terrible, built the Ascension Church on the high bank of the Moscow River. Since 1994, it has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This temple for more than a century has been the home church of almost all Russian tsars.
Its height is 62 meters. From the observation deck located in the church, a magnificent view of the Moscow River opens, as well as a magnificent panorama of the city.
Church of the Beheading
This temple is as old as the Church of the Ascension, although not everyone who has visited Kolomenskoye is aware of its existence. The church is often called the Forerunner. It is located away from the main monuments. Many consider it mysterious, preserving many mysteries. Moreover, not one of them has yet been solved.
The church is located on a hill, at the foot of which mystery is immediately felt. The stream that goes around the hill does not freeze even in severe frosts. A steep wooden staircase leads to the temple. The church can be seen only from the upper steps of the stairs. To enter it, you need to go through the main gate. Everyone who crosses them falls not just into the temple, but also into the old cemetery. Surprisingly, but it does not cause gloomy impressions.
The church amazes everyone who saw it for the first time with its grandiose dimensions - a central octagonal pillar 34 meters high and four tower-shaped aisles 17 meters high. The entire structure is connected by a roundabout indoor gallery. It is built on a single foundation. The church is made of brick, plastered and whitewashed. It is believed that the Church of St. John the Baptist is a prototype of the Moscow St. Basil's Cathedral, which was built later. There was a version that the authors of both structures are the same people. However, this version is not scientifically confirmed.
In 2009, the restoration was completed here, the church is in excellent condition, but despite this it seems “forgotten” and lonely.
Museum "Kolomenskoye" - the history of creation
In 1923, the architect-restorer P. Baranovsky organized a museum of wooden architecture on the territory of Kolomensky. They began to bring here wooden structures that had historical and architectural value. As a result of this activity, the house of Peter the Great appeared in the museum, delivered from Arkhangelsk, the honey factory brought from Preobrazhensky, the Moss Tower of Sumy prison and many other valuable exhibits.
Palace of Alexei Mikhailovich
In these places, Emperor Alexei Mikhailovich loved to relax. During his thirty years of rule, the village flourished. At first, the young ruler came to these places on a falconry, but over time he turned the village into a luxurious royal residence. In 1668 (in just one year!) A magnificent wooden palace was built on two hundred and seventy rooms.
After the capital was moved to St. Petersburg, the estate became desolate, and under Catherine II the dilapidated palace was dismantled. In its place in 1767, Prince G. Makulov erected a new, four-story palace. The two lower floors of the building were made of stone, and the upper were wooden. The second floor was also built on over the other buildings of the ensemble and later used it as a kitchen. Later, the palace was dismantled and rebuilt several times. The last time this happened in 1872. We must pay tribute to the masters of that time, who previously removed the necessary dimensions and made drawings of the historical structure. It is on them that in our time the palace was recreated, which is available today for visiting tourists.
The sovereign's courtyard, and now the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, was surrounded by a stone and wooden fence. Main entrance - Front or Palace gates led to the royal estate. The rear or Spassky Gate was an economic entrance.
House of Peter I
Having visited the Kolomenskoye museum, you can see an interesting exhibit. This is the house of Peter I. It was built at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River. Peter I lived in it for about two months in 1702, during the construction of the fortress in Arkhangelsk. In 1930, the house was moved to Moscow. According to historical documents, the interior of that era was recreated in the house.
Kolomenskaya bell tower
This is a wonderful and rather rare example of the Russian bell structure of the late 16th century. With her clear lines, she emphasized the magnificence of the Church of the Ascension of the Lord.
Near the bell tower you can hear a subtle and melodic ringing. This sounds like an original musical instrument “beat”, which was perfectly mastered by local performers. Thin plates of bell bronze are fixed on a special made frame. Wonderful melodies are performed with the help of special hammers.
Water tower
The tower performed two functions - with the help of mechanisms it lifted water into reservoirs and piped it to its intended purpose, and in addition, it was used as a passage gate leading to the Ascension Garden and the village of Dyakovo. Now the water tower, like other service facilities, is not in operation.
Ascension Garden
Museum-Estate "Kolomenskoye" is famous not only for its architectural monuments. Magnificent landscape, beautiful nature attract here Muscovites and visitors. One of the favorite places for vacationers is the Ascension Garden. In Moscow, this is one of the most ancient gardens. Its area exceeds five hectares. He became part of a large "old" garden in Kolomenskoye. About 900 trees grow here, mainly apple trees, which in spring fill the air with a divine aroma.
No less valuable are the Kolomna oaks, which are over 400 years old. If you believe the legends, then the future Emperor Peter I learned to read and write in their shadow.
Kolomensky park
Museum-park "Kolomenskoye" is a huge territory where it is pleasant to spend time in any season. Here you can relax without leaving the capital. The park stretches along the embankment of the Moscow River. Its landscape is diverse - ravines, meadows, forests.
Museum-estate "Kolomenskoye" is not just a park, but a natural landscape reserve. It is part of the association of nature reserves in Moscow, which includes Lefortovo, Izmailovo and Lublino.
Various cultural events were often held here. The Kolomenskoye Museum, for example, has become a permanent venue for Russia's largest honey fair. In addition, there are stunning exhibitions of sand sculptures. It is attended by masters from around the world. Every year the museum hosts the festival "Times and Eras".
Voices ravine
In ancient times, it had other, more suitable names - Kolomensky stream, Tsarsky ravine, Palace ravine, etc. How the modern name appeared is unknown. He stretched more than a kilometer. A small brook flows into its bottom, flowing into the Moscow River.
At the bottom of the ravine, you can see two boulders of sandstone, very impressive sizes, which are natural monuments. There is a legend that George the Victorious in this place overtook the Serpent. In the fight with him, the warrior's horse died. His remains symbolize these stones.
In addition, there is a "Maiden Stone". According to legend, he fulfills desires and heals from diseases.
Pharmaceutical garden
As already mentioned, the Kolomenskoye Museum is famous for its natural monuments. One of them is a pharmacy garden - a prototype of today's botanical gardens.
Museum Kolomenskoye - vacancies
If you are looking for an interesting and well-paid job at the Kolomenskoye estate, then you should go to the company's official website. Here you can find a job - a guide, an assistant to an event organizer, a security guard, a museum ranger. The shift method of work is possible.
