The category of military-engineering equipment includes a number of specialized weapons, including active confrontation units, mobile transport mechanisms for operation and repair, and electrical modifications of the general direction. These units are focused on completing engineering course tasks during reconnaissance, combat or defense support. Machines are in service with units of engineering battalions and a number of other military units.
Destination
The main task of military engineering equipment is to conduct intelligence on the study of enemy targets and the surrounding area. The most difficult step is the detection of engineering barriers. The transport of this destination makes it possible to determine the passage of the relief, the category of water barriers, the degree of blockages, deformations. In addition, focusing on the data obtained, they calculate the bypass and masking of these obstacles.
IRM-2
This unit of Russian military-engineering equipment is intended for reconnaissance operations and determination of troop movement routes with the possibility of crossing water obstacles. Fixed and mobile reconnaissance devices are installed on this machine, which make it possible to obtain information on the number of enemy units being moved, the presence of mines and other obstacles, as well as the level of contamination of the territory.
Regarding water obstacles, information is given in the following format:
- width and depth parameters;
- current intensity;
- the presence of navigational confrontations;
- data on the technological capabilities of existing bridges.
The speed during reconnaissance operations is 10 km / h, the detection of explosive and mine obstacles is 5 km / h, and the determination of the characteristics of water obstacles up to 100 meters wide is about five minutes.
The design of the IRM-2 machine was developed on an armored tracked basis using BMP-1 components and components. The UTD-20 power unit is a six-cylinder diesel engine with a power of 220 kW, which guarantees a high rate of maneuverability of equipment. The speed parameter on land is 50 km / h, on water - 10-12 km / h.
Stationary fixtures
The category of static devices of military engineering equipment includes a wide-angle mine detector (RShM-2). It focuses on the search for anti-tank and anti-personnel mines with a metal hull. Ammunition is detected both on land and on water.
Another device of a stationary type - reconnaissance sonar (EIR). The device is used for fixing the bottom profile and other features of a liquid barrier, the degree of soil density and finding navigation interference with subsequent fixation on electrothermal paper. The oscillation of the depth gauges is from 0.5 to 20 meters.
Portable devices
The portable units of military engineering equipment of the USSR and Russia include PAB-2AM (bus-mounted equipment), mine detectors like RVM and IMP, a standard reconnaissance periscope. This category also includes:
- rangefinder sapper action DSP-30;
- penetrometer mechanical configuration RP-1;
- adaptation of the study of bridges KRM;
- mine clearance kit KR-O;
- line-ice meter.
The IRM machine is equipped with various mechanisms to monitor the terrain day and night with simultaneous orientation. They include:
- periscope retractable panoramic type PIR-451;
- fixture of night tracking of TVN-2BM;
- AGI-S slope angle determinant;
- personal monitoring devices TNPO;
- tank navigators TNA-3;
- integrated defense and camouflage system TDA, water drainage pump.
- communication devices;
- armament - course machine gun PKG.
KRV kit
Soviet military engineering equipment includes in its list a system of aerographic and aero-visual reconnaissance. Thanks to this device, liquid barriers are detected by moving units, mines and other obstacles, including ground processing of intelligence and quality control of camouflage of warheads.
Modifications of KVV are transported on a body van of the 131st ZIL. The kit includes a camera, binoculars, an optical sight, an anti-aircraft pipe, a voice recorder and a commander’s fuel dispenser. Aerial reconnaissance on MI-8 is carried out using AFA and FS aerial cameras. The use of this unit of military engineering technology allows for scheduled shooting at speeds up to 170-180 km / h. Depth of verification - up to 15 kilometers when the aircraft is 2-5 km away from the vanguard of events.
Knife trawls
Military engineering equipment, the photo of which is shown below, refers to standard KMT type knife trawls. The machines work on the principle of digging devices, are structurally made in the form of a blade with cutting parts of a cuttings configuration.
Wheel rink modifications are equipped with knife and special compartments. Under their weight, anti-tank mines fuses are activated. Electromagnetic action devices (EMTs) can be mounted on tanks with any kind of mounts.
UR-77
The military equipment of the engineering troops in this version is focused on tunneling through minefields in an explosive way. A multi-profile tractor on MTL tracks serves as a base. The technique guarantees a charge supply of 200-500 meters, resulting in a “clearing” of 6 m wide and 90 m deep. Machine weight - 15.5 tons, speed indicators - 60/5 km / h (on land / in water).
The following are the norms of the complexity and repair of engineering military equipment such as cost centers:
- Remote mining complicates the detection of ammunition by the enemy.
- Devices for mechanized layout of mines are divided into several groups (ground-based barriers, helicopter equipment, remote mining systems such as BCM and AFM).
Crawler Mines
Among the abandoned engineering military equipment of the Soviet Union there is such a representative as the GMZ-3, which was intended for the mechanized layout of anti-tank mines of the TM configuration, equipped with contact and non-contact fuses.
The machine was equipped with equipment for monitoring minefields, armor protection and a machine-gun mount PKT. A diesel engine with 12 cylinders with a capacity of 520 horsepower was used as a power unit. Unit weight - 28.5 tons, speed when installing mines in soil / on the surface - 10/16 km / h. The crew is three people.
Universal Mine Loader and Earthmoving Equipment
UMZ guarantees mining through a single ammunition on a single-lane line up to 5.5 thousand meters, while the depth of field is 15-25 meters. The speed limit of this vehicle is from 10 to 40 km / h. Road-moving equipment includes aggregates for maintaining tracks and moving combat units, as well as destroying various kinds of obstacles. This includes pit and other soil processing machines.
Trench and pit units
Wheel TMK and caterpillar BTM are used to extract trenches using a rotary working element. It allows you to work through the soil to a depth of up to 1.5 meters, and the shape can be straight or curved. The blade is performed in two directions, the parameter of the finished trench in width is 0.5 / 1.1 meters (bottom / top). Some modifications are equipped with bulldozer mechanisms that serve to fill up funnels, ditches, tearing trenches.
Excavated engineering equipment is focused on the development of places for fortifications, special shelters for combat and auxiliary units. The standard design of the machines in question consists of a truck tractor, a milling tool, additional equipment. For example, the MDK-3 machine is equipped with a cultivator, which makes it possible to process frozen and hard soil to a depth of 30 centimeters.
Other military engineering equipment
The PZM-2 digging machine is used to make trench and foundation structures. The working mechanisms are based on a wheeled tractor with a rotary thrower, a traction winch and a dozer blade. Also in this category are army excavators designed for loading and digging operations when equipping military positions and managerial posts.
Military excavator design:
- base chassis in the form of a car with a high cross-country ability;
- strapping frame with external supporting elements;
- power unit;
- excavator accessories;
- swivel type platform;
- hydraulic drive;
- hook suspension;
- backhoe.
The track laying configurations of the BAT are intended for the maintenance and preparation of maneuvering routes and movement of military units. These machines, along with universal analogues of UDM and BKT, are also focused on arranging exits from bridges, crossings, overcoming ravines and other soil obstacles.
