Often you can hear in response from people when it comes to hidden things: "this is a philosophical question …". Behind this statement is an unwillingness to reflect on the search for truth, and sometimes there is a direct refusal to admit the obvious.
In fact, questions of philosophy are a direct question about the meaning of life, the truth of being, and our way of knowing. So, questions requiring the same honest answer.
Philosophy questions and the search for an answer
Philosophy is a strict science, with an object, methodology and a system of categories, through which its subject content is revealed. Everything else is philosophizing, or the reflection of "free swimming."
As soon as a person leaves the subject field of philosophy, his personal freedom for reasoning begins, which has absolutely nothing to do with the subject of this complex, rigorous and serious study system of knowledge. Initially, in the era of antiquity, one question was formulated: what is truth? And this “simple” dictum gave rise to all subsequent fundamental questions of philosophy. Briefly in the style of ancient thinkers, it can be formulated as follows: what is the fundamental principle of all things?
Logic is the nature of thinking
The subject of science is thinking. The fields of knowledge are ontology (the doctrine of being) and epistemology (the doctrine of knowledge).
About morality
The great Immanuel Kant, exploring the nature of pure thinking, deduced the ingenious eternal questions of philosophy in ethical form: who am I? What can I do? what can i hope for? In addition to the questions posed, the German researcher also prescribed the rule of human moral behavior, known as the “categorical imperative, ” to the possibilities of human thinking.
It reads: “Do so that the maxim of your will has the force of universal law!” Thus, Kant postulated the principle of man’s goodwill to follow the moral standards of society.
In the tradition of materialistic understanding in the 19th century, the so-called "main issue of philosophy" was formed - the relationship of material and ideal principles in nature. If matter was taken as the primary basis, the doctrine (school) was attributed to materialism, in the event that the idea was recognized as the basis of nature, then the direction was called idealism.
