What should we build a house? We will draw, we will live … This small children's poem by Samuel Yakovlevich Marshak briefly and succinctly describes the whole essence of the work of architects and designers. The spirit is primary in construction. First, an image or an idea is always born, and only then it takes on material forms. Before you build a house, you need to come up with it and implement the project on paper. This is a very responsible and far from the easiest thing.
What is architectural design
The architect is the creator and creator, it is he who thinks over all the details of the future building, and then with the help of special programs transfers his ideas to the monitor screen. This is how the architectural design is compiled. It includes the development of drawings, plans, sketches and documentation for construction.
One of the most important stages of architectural design is the preparation of plans. This is the basis on which the entire subsequent process is based. Initially, an architectural plan is developed, and then, according to it, a construction plan.
What is an architectural plan?
The architectural plan is the basis of the entire project. It should present the technical characteristics of the building, its main parameters and dimensions. This is a document that should be prepared taking into account the requirements for both the content and the design.
Design Steps
The development of the architectural plan of the house consists of the following steps:
- determining the purpose of the future structure, that is, it is necessary to determine what qualities the object will have to have;
- designing the appearance of the building, its facades;
- choice of communication system;
- development of interior decoration, decoration.
It is also important to pay attention to landscape design. The future building should organically fit into the environment, and not enter into dissonance with it.
How to understand the architectural plan
In fact, you do not have to be a builder or architect to understand the drawing.
The architectural project is drawn up in accordance with established norms and rules: ESKD (unified system of design documentation) and SPDS (system of project documentation for construction). It is a full-fledged document, therefore it has a clear structure:
- The first page is the title page. It indicates the name of the project, developer, date, address of the future facility. Everything is simple and clear here.
- Catalog plan. This is a peculiar content of the whole work, which indicates the number of pages of the project (sometimes their name), scale, decoding of abbreviations.
- The plan of the location of the future object, that is, just a map of the area, which depicts neighboring cities and adjacent highways.
- Territory layout. These are the results of a topographic survey, the designation of buildings to be demolished, and communication systems.
Architectural plans: what they include
The architectural sheets are numbered in order (A001, A002, and so on). They describe the measurements of floor plans, the size of walls, sections, and more. In order to understand what is written in the architectural sheets, you will first need to deal with the construction plan:
- Floor plans of the building. To get this image, you need to mentally cut the building. Everything that falls into the secant plane will be presented in the drawing. Therefore, floor plans allow you to determine the location of window and doorways, stairs, partitions, main walls. Also in the drawings, the dimensions of these elements are usually indicated.
- Level plans. They indicate the height and types of ceilings. But such a plan is not always included in projects.
- Roofing plan. Lets you read the location of the roof elements.
- Finishing work plan. It describes the materials that will be used for internal work.
- Statement of window and doorways. It indicates the number of doors and windows, their sizes, materials and more.
- Building's facade. This is an image of the exterior walls of the house, a description of the materials from which they are made.
These are the basic, but by no means all types of architectural plans.
Non-professionals can still understand the finished drawings. But to develop such an architectural and construction plan is unlikely to succeed. Therefore, it is better to turn to design engineers, people with specialized education. An architectural bureau will provide a building plan to any client. This document is necessary both at the construction stage and for any real estate transactions.
