Biblion (Greek) - a book, teka (Greek) - a repository. Library - what is it? A room for storing books, manuscripts, information on digital media for private or public use.
History
The ancient East is considered the birthplace of the first libraries. A collection of clay tablets dating to 2500 BC was discovered in the Babylonian city temple of Nippur. e. In the tomb near Thebes found a box with papyrus. In the era of Ramses under the New Kingdom, there were 20 thousand papyri. The tablets of the Assyrian king are considered the most famous ancient Eastern library in Nineveh.
The center of the ancient collection of books and papyri is considered the Alexandria Library. It was part of the training complex, which included rooms for sleeping, rooms for classes, reading, eating. Created by Ptolemy. It included 200 thousand copies for reading and 700 thousand documents for the school. Destroyed by fire in 270 AD e.
All antique depositories of books were kept at temples. As in the Middle Ages, libraries were only at monasteries. There, in special dry cellars, the scriptures and writings of the great Church Fathers corresponded. It was also necessary to copy antique manuscripts, Latin and Greek texts that fell into the hands of monks. The value of the books was so high that they were even chained to walls and shelves in order to avoid theft.
Typography was developed when the printing press was invented, and this was a new era in the history of libraries. The availability of information, the acceptable cost of scientific and fiction have influenced the development of culture, education and self-awareness of all mankind.
Types of libraries
- State.
- Municipal.
- Personal
- Budgetary.
- Private
- Training.
Social views:
- Public.
- Baby.
- University
- Industry: medical, technical, agricultural.
- For the blind.
- Youthful.
- Academic.
National library what is it? Repository of the entire press of the country. Official publishers are required to provide several copies of their products to the archive. Not only books, but also memos, newspapers, magazines.
Activities
Serving the reader and providing literature for reading or further education. There are two forms of customer interaction:
- Issuance of a printed publication on hand (home) for a specified period.
- Providing the opportunity to read a book in the reading room.
More demanded material is in the public domain, and the visitor himself can choose without the help of a librarian. The rest of the literature is in the book depository and is issued upon request. For copies of especially rare editions, damaged or containing state secrets, it is necessary to obtain special permission.
What is a mobile library? Book storage on wheels? In remote places where the local archive is scarce or there is none at all, a bus leaves with the demanded literature. This is a classic for students or modern novels. Has the function of taking orders from readers.
“If as a result of a global catastrophe on Earth there is nothing left but libraries, then a person can be reborn, ” D. Likhachev wrote.
Library. What are types of libraries
The main differences between libraries are the volume of the fund (number of books), purpose, budget and national significance. Qualifications of personnel, the quality of storage and the ability to fully service the population depend on financing. As well as innovation in obtaining information.
In order for readers to be more efficient, directories are used in the library system. These are cards that are information units. Contained in alphabetical order by authors with the title of the book, summary and year of issue.
Currently, there are two types of file cabinets: manual use and electronic media. An electronic file cabinet is more effective, it can be used to find the information you need faster, it is durable and does not take up much space in the computer. But not every library has the opportunity to purchase computer equipment due to low funding.
Children's Libraries
What is a children's library? The repository fund includes books for the youngest readers, as well as literature recommended for school and extracurricular reading. This is a classic and modern stories and tales of children, animals, fairy tales for the development of imagination.
What is a school library and what is its difference from a children's library? The difference is primarily in financing. If children's book depositories are urban institutions and receive development money from the state, then the school library fund is formed from the school’s budget. In addition to fiction and educational books, they contain methodological literature for teachers.
E-library
What is an electronic library? These are documents (books, magazines, newspapers) in digital format, which are arranged in an ordered collection. It is equipped with search and navigation functions. It can be a website on which texts, both artistic and scientific, are regularly added. The fund may include media files that are self-sufficient by themselves and claimed by users.
What is an online library (or electronic) and the main advantages:
- the most accessible information;
- preservation of national heritage;
- high efficiency for training, self-training, work.
The first projects of electronic libraries appeared in the early 90s. There is practically no state support and funding. But successful and sought-after projects are supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Humanitarian Science Foundation.
The popularity of online libraries is growing every day, today there are more than a thousand sites selling, exchanging or simply providing information.
Modern library
In this age of electronic technology, the modern user needs the effective provision of information. The Russian modern library is currently under development. Although the model has already been developed, there are difficulties in the field of implementation. This is mainly funding.
Model Library project - what is it? This is a model of a modern repository of information for public use. The standard was approved at the sixth annual conference of the Russian Library Association in May 2001. Purpose: to provide the user with any requested information. The first experience was made in rural libraries of the Pskov region.
Service methods: print media, video and audio recordings, drawings, programs. Transmission in person or online. Tasks: to improve the quality of life of urban and rural residents, develop new, modern intellectual needs, facilitate adaptation to an accelerating rhythm of life, help in finding a job or an additional lesson, struggle with a low standard of living, gaining knowledge.
The conditions for creating modern libraries are possible with:
- creative staff;
- local government support;
- the availability of premises and equipment;
- developed infrastructure.
What is a modern library? This concept has a wide meaning. First of all, the desire to meet the standard of highly developed countries. For effective work, you need to restructure all activities. Automate information processing, provide resources on electronic media.
