Soil is a unique and invaluable natural wealth. It is she who is able to provide a person with all the necessary food resources. Illiterate and careless human activities are the main causes of soil pollution.
Varieties of anthropogenic environmental degradation
Soil contamination can be chemical and physical. Noise, vibration, electromagnetic field, ionizing radiation by radioactive substances, thermal radiation - these are physical or energy pollution that arise due to anthropogenic activities. Every day the number and variety of new industrial and transport enterprises, chemical production is increasing. Chemicalization of agriculture can lead to continuous anthropogenic environmental degradation. The causes of soil pollution are all kinds of chemicals or xenobiotics that enter the earth through gaseous, liquid, solid waste emissions.
The main sources of soil pollution
Every year the environmental situation in the country is deteriorating due to anthropogenic environmental degradation. Experts record crisis levels that are much higher than permissible norms. A large number of enterprises and plants emit gas, aerosol, and other harmful solid particles into the atmosphere. The scale of such pollution is regional and local.
Increasingly, in large and small cities, one can notice liquid soluble as well as insoluble compounds discharged into water bodies. In addition to all of the above emissions, mineral acid vapors and organic solvents enter the atmosphere - all these are the causes of soil pollution.
Environmental impact
An important and necessary type of natural resource is land. Every year there is a constant deterioration of the soil, which depends on natural and anthropogenic factors. Agriculture significantly affects the general condition of the soil cover, provoking erosion, pollution, depletion, acidification of the soil, salinization, waterlogging, degradation, as well as gleying.
Environmental pollution of the soil is an important topic that is considered at meetings of scientists. It is known that anthropogenic impacts can influence absolutely all components of a geosystem. The general condition of the soil cover is negatively affected by a decrease in the area occupied by natural plant formations. Man replaces it with agrocenoses. Constant plowing can lead to the complete disappearance of vegetation, as well as changes in the components of the water balance. This process occurs due to an increase in the total share of surface runoff. Subsequently, erosion processes can significantly increase, changes in the structure of the soil can occur, as well as its basic water and physical properties. Because of heavy metals, all vegetation suffers.
The presence of a strong and constant wind, climatic conditions with insufficient indicators of moisture during the season, the destruction of natural vegetation due to extreme heat - this is all environmental pollution of the soil.
The effects of oil pollution of land cover
When petroleum hydrocarbons enter the soil, soon extremely negative consequences can be observed. In regions where intensive oil refining and oil production take place, the physicochemical properties of the earth are rapidly transforming.
Regular oil pollution of the soil can lead to a shift of the soil solution towards alkali. Often, elevated total carbon can be observed. Do not forget about a significant change in the morphological properties of the earth, which consists in enhancing kutan formation. After it, a change in the color profile of the soil profile may occur, as well as a deterioration in the formation of any vegetation.
Specialists and scientists were able to prove that oil pollution of the soil is a rather strong and critical impact on the presented natural resource. To then return it to good condition, it may take more than a dozen years.
Chemical pollution of the soil
In the modern world, technogenic intensification is developing at a rapid pace, which by all means contributes to land pollution and dehumification. In this case, secondary salinization occurs, as well as a variety of soil erosion.
Metals and pesticides are present in the ground cover, but due to the inept and careless handling of it, the concentration of these substances can increase several times. Chemical pollution of the soil includes car exhaust, compost, and more. Due to the ingress of chemicals into the soil, the performance of natural metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium and copper, increases several times.
Specialists recommend using only natural, natural and biological methods to control agricultural pests. This may include genetic methods, natural chemical compounds. Only with full compliance with all the rules, soil contamination with chemicals will not occur. This must be taken into account!
Anthropogenic soil pollution
Anthropogenic sources of land degradation are stationary and non-stationary objects. It is worth noting that this can include industrial and agriculture. Scientists have determined that household, household and energy facilities in most cases become man-made sources.
From the point of view of the scale of the impact on the environment and land, anthropogenic soil pollution can be divided into global, regional and local. Mobile vehicles that leave behind a large amount of exhaust gases can affect the general condition of the soil cover.
