The Red Book of Russia is a unique publication that contains a list of rare and endangered plants, mushrooms, insects, birds and animals. It should be studied at school so that the younger generation knows how to preserve and increase the natural wealth for future generations.
general characteristics
Red books are different: national, international and regional. The first attempts to combine all the endangered representatives of flora and fauna in one publication made mankind 50 years ago. In 1963, the first, still very meager list was released. They decided to call it red, since it is this color that signals the important, that needs to be highlighted and emphasized.
When our state gained independence, it had its own list of endangered species of flora and fauna - the Red Book of Russia. What plants and animals entered there can be seen in a copy for 2001. This is the latest complete publication, supplemented and improved. As for the volume devoted to flora, it was updated in 2008.
It is known that at the end of 2015 a new Red Book of Russia will be released. This was recently announced by Sergei Donskoy, Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology. According to him, the leading specialists of the country are now working on its content, who cross out obsolete samples from the list and enter new copies.
Medicinal plants of the Red Book of Russia
There are a lot of them. Using such plants in folk medicine, a person thoughtlessly destroys living specimens in nature. Often, tearing out a stalk with a root, it does not give him the opportunity to again shoot it next spring. It is also known that many residents of the outback are engaged in gathering. They do not care about their own health as much as they make a profitable business out of it: herbs are sold to pharmaceutical companies or procurement organizations. For example, in only one Omsk region, about 110 thousand people rob medicinal plants. In fact, these are all rural men and women of working age.
What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia? Of the medicines, this is, first of all, ordinary ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, forest pine, belladonna, or belladonna, magnificent colchicum and others. Such plants for medical needs are often grown in specially created fields for this purpose. From here, professional biologists then pluck them, observing all the collection rules.
Ginseng
Rare plants of the Red Book of Russia are under constant guardianship and protection of the state. Among them, ginseng is a real miracle of the flora world. In many countries it is considered a cure for all ailments, even from the Latin language the name of the plant translates as "panacea".
The most valuable in ginseng is its root. In length, it often reaches 15 centimeters. Numerous branches grow from it, often taking on a bizarre form. It is believed that the use of ginseng root will not only be able to get rid of diseases, but will also preserve vitality and youth, even among the elderly.
Like all plants of the Red Book of Russia, the description of which you will find on the pages of the latest edition, ginseng does not grow throughout our country. He is more inclined to the land of the Far East, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. Interestingly, in nature, his appearance is associated with the intervention of the Gods. In China, they are sure that it is a lightning strike into the source that causes water to go underground, in its place grows the “root of life” ginseng blessed by higher powers.
Belladonna
Also known as belladonna. Belladonna and ginseng are not only medicinal, but also forest plants of the Red Book of Russia. The first is found in the grassy form at the edges, the second has the form of a shrub and is sometimes located even in the very depths of the deciduous thicket. The fruit is a dark blue cherry-sized berry. You can’t eat them, as they are very poisonous. Having swallowed several berries, even an adult gets a severe form of poisoning, not to mention children.
Belladonna is common in the southern and central regions of Russia. Her healing properties have been guessed by our ancestors. In ancient times, women squeezed juice from berries and buried it in their eyes. It dilated the pupils, the look became clear and brilliant. If the juice was rubbed into the skin of the face, then the cheeks from this became rosy, the skin looked healthy. Belladonna is listed in the Red Book as a valuable pharmacological material. Additionally, it is grown in the Krasnodar Territory in specially created farms for this.
Pine
What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia? Know that these are not only herbaceous specimens, like ginseng, and artisanal ones, like belladonna. There are trees among them. For example, pine. There are many of its varieties, five of them are under state protection: European cedar, grave, Cretaceous, Eldar and Pizunda.
In Russia, pine is usually found in coniferous forests: near peat bogs, on the slopes of mountains and at their very peaks. He likes a different climate: both mild in botanical gardens and harsh, at an altitude of about two thousand meters. Pine cones are especially valued in pine. Their seeds, which are also called nuts, contain a lot of useful substances, vitamins, oils and acids.
The healing properties of pine fruits were discovered back in the 18th century. They were brewed, alcohol tinctures and ointments were made from them. It was believed that "pine nuts" are able not only to restore youth, but also lost male power. Nowadays, milk made on the basis of cones helps with diseases of the bladder and kidneys.
Flowers in the Red Book of Russia
Unfortunately, in this edition not only simple plants, bushes and trees appear, but also flowers. People cut off snowdrops in the forests, ignoring the fact that they are endangered. Just for the sake of profit and short-term pleasure from a flowering branch, they destroy whole glades of rare specimens.
Due to human greed and lack of culture, the pearl of any lake - an elegant water lily - will completely disappear from the face of the Earth soon. Less and less often can be seen in the field or in the forest bells, irises, peonies. Mankind runs the risk of irretrievably losing many types of spring flowers: anemone nemorosa, Lungwort, European leotard.
Therefore, many of them, the state has taken under its own protection and brutally suppresses any violations in this area. It is known that in Moscow and other Russian cities it is forbidden to collect flowers in forest park areas. Grasses must be learned to protect from childhood, so that in the future our planet will not lose its main treasures.
Water lily
Ecological lessons should be held in every school so that children from an early age know which plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia. Perhaps in this way it will be possible to save some species from complete extinction, including the beautiful queen of the waters - a water lily. Every year the amount of this flower decreases exponentially.
They bloom for a long time, almost the entire warm season - from May to August. In the morning, with the first rays of the sun, the bud opens. In the evening, he tightly closes the petals. A stunning sight can be seen at dawn: flowers emerge from the depths of the lake on their leaf boats and open towards a new day. Humanity may soon forever lose this beautiful phenomenon, therefore the flower "sheltered" the Red Book of Russia (plants) on its pages.
Water lily is not only a beautiful representative of the flora, it also has magical properties. At least, our ancestors piously believed in it. They believed that it revives the strength in a person in order to defeat the enemy, and also protects and protects him from troubles, envy and sorrows. If a villain with dirty thoughts and a dark soul touched her, then the water lily was even able to destroy him. Believers wore a dried flower as a talisman, putting it in an incense.
Violet
The list of plants of the Red Book of Russia includes this beautiful and delicate flower. He loves the soil near ponds, on the edges of forests, especially conifers, on rocky slopes. You can meet him in the Irkutsk region, Buryatia, Altai and Krasnoyarsk regions. Incised violet propagated with the help of seeds. They are formed far from every year, so this flower was on the verge of extinction.
The ancient Greeks paid attention to a charming plant. In this country, she was under the auspices of Persephone, abducted by Hades in the kingdom of the dead. Since then, the flower is a symbol of the dying and resurrecting nature.
Nowadays, the population has declined sharply. To biological features that lead to extinction, humanity also had a hand in it. Mastering new spaces for the development of tourism and agriculture, it destroys entire plantations of plants. As a result, we lose one of the most beautiful purple flowers on the planet.
