In any enterprise, all the processes performed are interconnected. That is why the economic analysis examines the degree of influence of various factors on the value of economic indicators. Different analytical methods of assessment will help determine the degree of their impact: chain substitutions, the method of absolute differences, and others. In this publication, we will take a closer look at the second method.
Economic analysis. Chain Substitution Method
A similar assessment option is based on the calculation of intermediate data of the studied indicator. It takes place by replacing the planned data with actual ones, while only one of the factors changes, the rest are excluded (elimination principle). The formula for calculating:
A pl = a pl * b pl * in pl
A a = a f * b pl * in pl
A b = a f * b f * in pl
A f = a f * b f * in f
Here, the indicators for the plan are the actual data.
Economic analysis. Absolute difference method
The type of assessment under consideration is based on the previous version. The only difference is that you need to find the product of the deviation of the investigated factor (D) by the planned or actual value of another. The formula shows the method of absolute differences more clearly:
A pl = a pl * b pl * in pl
A a ' = a' * b pl * in pl
A b ' = b' * a f * in pl
And in ' = in' * a f * b f
A f ' = a f * b f * in f
A a ' = A a' * A b ' * A c'
The method of absolute differences. Example
The following company information is available:
- the planned volume of goods produced is equal to 1.476 million rubles., Actually - 1.428 million rubles.;
- the area for the production of the plan was 41 square meters. m, in fact - 42 square meters. m
It is necessary to determine how various factors (changing the size of the area and the size of production per 1 sq. M) influenced the volume of goods created.
1) We determine the production of products per 1 square. m:
1.476: 41 = 0.036 million rubles. - planned value.
1.428 / 42 = 0.034 million rubles. Is the actual value.
2) To solve the problem, enter the data in the table.
Find the change in the volume of goods produced from the area and output, using the method of absolute differences. We get:
y a ' = (42 - 41) * 0.036 = 0.036 million rubles.
y b ' = 42 * (0.034 - 0.036) = - 0.084 million rubles.
The total change in the volume of production is 0.036 - 0.084 = -0.048 million rubles.
It follows that by increasing the area for production by 1 square. m the volume of manufactured goods increased by 0.036 million rubles. However, due to a decrease in production by 1 sq. Km. m, this value decreased by 0.084 million rubles. In general, the volume of goods produced in the enterprise in the reporting year decreased by 0.048 million rubles.
Here is the principle by which the absolute difference method works.
