Mostovaya is a street, a road with a certain type of coverage for the carriageway and pedestrian part. In Russian, the word "pavement" can denote the type of street and be included in the name. For example, Mostovaya street in Yekaterinburg. Bridge roads and streets are an integral indicator of early civilizations. They are found during excavations of ancient cities. They have not lost relevance and in our time, however, the technology of their construction has changed.
What is a pavement?
First of all, the pavement is a street that has pavement, that is, paved. In previous years, not all streets had such "clothes", so this word emphasized the distinguishing feature, which later sometimes served as its name. In Russian, wooden floors were called a platform. Since the coverings of roads and streets in Russia until the 18th century were made of wood, the streets were first called platforms, and then - pavements.
History
Bridge streets appeared thousands of years ago. In ancient Rome there was an indisputable rule. Before starting the laying of the settlement, they laid and paved the road along which it was possible to reach it. Further, water supply facilities and drains were constructed. After this, residential buildings were built. The monument to the road construction is a preserved fragment of the ancient Roman road to the Palatine. The bridge structures at that time were very simple. A foundation was made, which consisted of sand, cartilage, rubble, stones were laid on it. All this was well compacted, and the seams were soaked with medium or fine sand.
During excavations in Pompeii, well-preserved areas with cobbled streets were discovered. Moreover, the passage for the carts (carriageway) was separated from the passageway for residents. The surviving pavements were made of cobblestones.
In medieval Europe, pavements are city streets made of cobblestones or processed stones. They have survived to our times. True, they were periodically repaired. Such coverage can now be seen in many European cities, where stone pavements are a very common occurrence in the old districts of cities and villages.
Bridge in Russia
In the flat part of Russia, stone was tight, but there was always plenty of forests, so the street was made of wood. In northern cities and settlements, you can still see wooden courtyards and sidewalks, as this is the cheapest type of coating. An example is the city of Arkhangelsk, where wooden pavements are an integral part of the old city.
In 1714, the obligation to collect stones was introduced to pave the streets in the new capital, St. Petersburg. Each homeowner had to pave the way in front of the house. It was necessary to do this evenly and so that in the spring it would not blur with rains. All ships coming from Ladoga were required to bring stone to St. Petersburg in the prescribed amount.
Each supply arriving in the capital was to bring three stones weighing five pounds. For non-execution, a fine of one hryvnia was due, which at that time was a lot of money. In order for the residents of the city to know what a pavement is and how to lay the cover, the rules were developed, approved by the mayor of St. Petersburg in 1718. Paved roads became widespread in the south of tsarist Russia, as well as in the Baltic part. Of particular pride is the Red Square in Moscow, paved with paving stones (sawn tiles).
