During the Soviet Union, one of the most famous architects was Nikitin Nikolai Vasilievich. The structures that were created by its development are recognizable all over the world. About what construction projects were conducted under the guidance of this architect, as well as about the main stages of his life, read the article.
Childhood and youth
Nikitin Nikolay was born in a city called Tobolsk, at the end of 1907, namely on December 15. His father first served as a printing engineer, and after the revolution he began to work as a court clerk. A few years after the birth of Nicholas, his family changed his place of residence. Now it was the city of Ishim. It happened in 1911. Here, the future architect graduated from both the first class of the gymnasium for boys and the parish school.
During the retreat of the Kolchak troops, the Nikitins moved to the city of Nikolaevsk, which is now known as Novosibirsk. Interesting fact: at the age of 17, a young man was bitten by a snake in his leg, and the architect remained with the trace for the rest of his life.
Study
In 1930, Nikolai Nikitin graduated with honors from the Technological Institute in Tomsk. He studied at the Department of Architecture, which was part of the Faculty of Civil Engineering. Already at that time he proved himself as a talented architect, capable of creating original projects. So, he headed the design bureau of students. Here, the development of complex methods for calculating reinforced concrete structures for a metallurgical plant in Kuznetsk was carried out.
The beginning of the creative path
As soon as Nikolai Nikitin graduated from the institute, he was appointed one of the architects in Novosibirsk. The 4-story dormitory building was Nikitin's debut project. It also became the first construction in the USSR, constructed from precast concrete. Interestingly, this was not the only innovation proposed by Nikitin. He first used steel ropes to hold a tower-type structure in the Ostankino television tower project. In order to create a framework on a monolithic foundation, the architect organized his own production of supports and beams made of reinforced concrete.
Under the leadership of Boris Gordeev, a group of architects-constructivists led the development of unique designs of buildings for various purposes. So, in 1930, the architect Nikolai Vasilyevich Nikitin worked on a project of an arched structure used in the building of a sports club called Dynamo. Arches from boards and plywood served as an overlap in the game room, the span of which was 22.5 meters. Despite the large size, the design was very light. It was installed by manual workers link. Soon, almost all textbooks for architectural universities could find information about the arch construction of Nikitin.
In the period from 1930 to 1932, the architect participated in the development of projects of many residential complexes, for example, “House under the clock” or “House of political prisoners”. In addition, with his participation, a project for the construction of the regional executive committee was created. Particularly famous structures developed by Nikitin at this time are the arched ceilings of the Novosibirsk-Glavny station.
Awards
Nikolai Vasilievich was recognized as a brilliant engineer-architect in the days of the Soviet Union. He was awarded two orders, numerous medals. In 1970, he received the title of Honored Builder of the RSFSR, and was also awarded the Lenin Prize for developing the framework of the Ostankino TV tower. He also received the Stalin Prize of the third degree in 1951.
Wind farm
In 1932, Nikolai Nikitin took the first steps in creating his scientific works, for example, fundamental theories, as well as calculating tower-type structures. In tandem with engineer Yu. V. Kondratyuk, he was involved in the development of a wind farm project. It was planned to build it on the mountain peak of Ai-Petri in the Crimea.
The architect calculated how the static and dynamic effects of wind affect a flexible structure, which is quite high. He thought out how in practice it is possible to apply reinforced concrete structures in a tower, where to place load-bearing nodal elements and how to erect them in a sliding formwork. Despite the fact that the construction of the structure was not completed, the architect in practice applied many developments during the construction of the Ostankino TV tower.
Palace of Soviets
At the end of the 30s of the last century, architect Nikolai Nikitin lived in the capital, he worked here. So, one of the most famous projects in the creation of which he took part is the framework of the Palace of Soviets. The monumental building was supposed to be on the site of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
The unrealized project was the world's tallest building. The construction, almost half a kilometer high, was to become a symbol of Moscow and socialism. The multi-tier tower, rising 300 meters above the ground, served as a pedestal for the statue of V.I. Lenin, the dimensions of which are at least 100 meters.
According to the fantastic work of one Soviet writer, a meeting room was located in the head of the ruler. The hand of a motionless figure is extended upward in a gesture pointing to the Sun. The whole statue is constantly rotating with the help of huge electric motors. Of course, the architects did not plan to place the conference room in the head of V.I. Lenin. According to calculations, the volume of the building should be 7.5 million cubic meters, which is equal to the volume of the three pyramids of Cheops.
Moscow State University
The main building of the University named after M.V. Lomonosov at the time of construction was the highest in Europe. It towered 240 meters above the ground. The construction of the facility, located on the Sparrow Hills, went on for four years, namely from 1949 to 1953.
Ostankino Tower
The height of the tower was 540 meters. At the time of completion (1967), it was one of the tallest structures of its kind. In 1957, Nikolai Nikitin, whose photo is presented in this article, began developing a plan for the television and radio tower. The process was quite complicated, since three quarters of the weight had to fall on the foundation of the structure, and only the rest was on its top. The maximum permissible needle deflection was only one meter. If this value would be greater, then an interference image would be transmitted to the screens.
The construction of the tower was carried out for ten years. The supports of the structure are compared with the claws of an eagle holding a prey. With their help, the tower rests on the ground. Tight ropes keep the tower from falling and swinging. In 1970, Nikitin and a team of architects and engineers working on the construction of the Ostankino TV tower received the Lenin Prize.
Shell tower
For two years, from 1966 to 1967, Nikitin worked together with Vladimir Ilyich Travush. Together, they developed a mesh steel tower-shell project. The height of the structure was 4000 meters. Mitsushiba, the owner of a Japanese company, ordered the construction of the tower to Russian engineers and architects.
At the beginning of our century, the Japanese again reviewed the design of this facility. Currently, the X-Seed 4000 tower should become the tallest in the world. The 800-story building can be placed directly above the sea thanks to a 6-kilometer foundation. According to estimates, from 700, 000 to 1, 000, 000 people can be here at the same time.
