Economics is a science that affects the life of every person. Its main task is the harmonious distribution of resources, which are known to be limited. From this statement, the main issues of the economy become clear. In this article we will try to consider them.
What should be produced and in what quantity? This is the first question of economics. Before producing anything, it is necessary to decide what kind of goods and services consumers need. The answer to this question determines how exactly the limited resources will be distributed between different enterprises. For example, it was decided that consumers are in dire need of cookers. Consequently, the metal will be sold to the appropriate enterprises, and not, say, manufacturers of refrigerators. Correct resolution of the problem under consideration minimizes the occurrence of problems such as excess supply and shortage of products. Consequently, the main issues of the economy are primarily aimed at the correct organization of the practical activities of enterprises.
How to produce? This is the second central issue of economics. Before proceeding with the release of goods, it is necessary to decide which method of production is most optimal, given the limited resources. The answer to this question depends on each specific situation. For example, one method of production can be laborious, another will require a lot of capital, it will take a lot of time to implement the third. That is, the options for using limited resources can be very different. We give an example. A certain amount of potato is required. It can be grown with the help of natural fertilizers and manual labor in small auxiliary plots. However, you can get the required amount of potatoes at agricultural enterprises, using mineral fertilizers and modern agricultural machinery. Obviously, the basic issues of the economy are resolved in different ways, depending on requirements and resources.
What is the best way to distribute services and goods? This is the third issue of economics. After the release of products, it is necessary to decide who exactly can claim to receive it. Each historical moment offered its answer to this question. Once upon a time, benefits were, first and foremost, delivered to the fittest through violence. Then the equalization system began to be used. Resources were distributed approximately equally. There is also the so-called queuing principle. That is, the benefits go to the one who first of all took a place in the queue of those who wish. The main economic problems of society are, inter alia, the choice of the most harmonious distribution of goods. Developed countries have practically developed an optimal method for solving this problem. It consists in the fact that goods and services go to someone who can pay their value declared by the seller. Such a monetary principle is beneficial because people have a powerful incentive to work. That is, a person develops in a career plan, improves productivity, improves skills, which has a beneficial effect on the prosperity of the country as a whole. At the moment, far from all the main problems of the economy are resolved, however, mankind is moving every year towards progress regarding the tasks under consideration. Developed countries have not yet achieved absolute prosperity, but they have already worked out ways to resolve sensitive issues.
So, we briefly examined the main issues of the economy. They are relevant for almost all countries, including the most underdeveloped, because everywhere there is a limited amount of benefits with which you need to take certain actions.
