Baikal is one of the most famous lakes on the planet. Lies in Eastern Siberia. It is deep-sea, it is the largest reservoir in the world of the purest fresh water. One of the significant tributaries of Lake Baikal is the Barguzin River, the description and main characteristics of which are given in the article.
Description
The length of the Barguzin River, which flows through Buryatia and is its main waterway, is 480 kilometers, the basin area exceeds 21 thousand km sq. The source of this reservoir lies to the east of Lake Baikal, in the place where the Ikat and South Mui Ranges converge. Further, the Barguzin river carries its waters through the relict glacial Amut basin through the territory of the Dzherginsky State Nature Reserve.
Below the channel passes through a taiga swampy valley, which is gradually transformed into a deep gorge. Here the river is very picturesque, forms many rapids and powerful plums.
The next section of the current is represented by the flat terrain, which forms the intermountain Barguzinsky basin. The local waters flow relatively calmly to the village of Barguzin.
On the northeastern shore of Lake Baikal, the river bypasses the Barguzinsky ridge and flows into the largest and deepest Baikal bay - Barguzinsky. The mouth of the reservoir is located on the eastern side in the central part of the lake. Its waters in this place pass through small rapids, bend around the shiver - underwater and protruding stones, clouded by numerous silt and rainfall.
Hydrology
The river basin is mainly fed by rainfall. The water content of the river varies with the flow: the minimum - 130 cubic meters. m / s, maximum - 670 cubic meters m / s
The pond is navigable year-round within the marina of Mogoyto, which is located 226 km from the estuary. During spring floods and during summer floods, ships reach the tributary of the Garga, which is 250 km from the mouth of the Barguzin River.
Part of the river valley is used for agricultural land, and its waters irrigate fields and gardens.
Tributaries
The Barguzin River has many small, medium and large branches. The main tributaries are:
- the swift Garga river with clear clear water feeds the main artery of Buryatia on the left;
- Argada river - on the left;
- Ina - left tributary, almost completely flows through the mountain-taiga area;
- Ulyun River - the right sleeve.
Flora
On the banks of the river grow leafy forests - light coniferous forests, the main species of which is larch. The undergrowth is formed by alder, shrub birch, willow, rhododendron, cedar shrub, marsh rosemary (this medicinal plant has been successfully used in folk medicine). In total, more than 650 plant species have been studied in these places, more than 30 of which are rare or endemic.
In addition to the forest belt, river meadows are also characteristic of the river valley, wetlands and willows are found.
Fauna
The riverbank has become home to many species of animals. The upper reaches of the river otter. Sable, squirrel, fox, column, ermine, lynx, roe deer, musk deer, and Manchurian deer inhabit the forest belt. Of the large animals, Siberian roe deer, moose, wild boars, and brown bears are found. On the slopes of the hills, a black-capped marmot settled in small colonies.
In winter, in the area of the river, you can stumble upon a nomadic herd of reindeer. True, they are very rare.
Many birds nest on the shores of this reservoir. Here you can observe black-throated loons, the meat of which the indigenous population eats, graceful whooper swans, black mallards, and humpbacked turps. For the summer, a cheglock, a medium-sized bird of prey belonging to the falcon family, flies into this area. The competition in the hunt for prey is made up of a white-tailed eagle - a feathered predator from the hawk family, a hawk owl.
The Barguzin River is very rich in fish. The impression is made not only by its quantity, but also by species diversity. Grayling, lenok and huge taimen, which are listed in the Red Book, burbot, river minnow, Siberian char, perch, Amur spines, live in the reservoir. Also in the river there are a lot of "litter" fish: these are pikes, carp, carp. Barguzin omul comes here to spawn, although recently its population has sharply decreased.
Where is the Barguzin River
It flows through Buryatia in the Barguzinsky and Kurumkansky areas. River coordinates: 55 degrees and 05 minutes north latitude, 111 degrees and 50 minutes east longitude. As mentioned above, it flows into Lake Baikal, and from there it reaches the Kara Sea through the Angara and Yenisei.
Infrastructure
Solitary settlements are scattered along the banks of the river. As a rule, these are small settlements, the number of inhabitants in which rarely exceeds several hundred. The largest:
- Kurumkan village with a population of 5.4 thousand people (according to the 2010 census), the administrative center of Kurumkansky district;
- the village of Barguzin, in which more than 5.7 thousand people live, which is confirmed by the 2010 census, the administrative center of the Barguzinsky district.
The indigenous population - the Buryats - is known for its peacefulness and hospitality.
In the upper reaches of the river, there are practically no settlements. For many kilometers, only the wild taiga and rocky shores surround the river bed.
