Soil is the top layer of the earth, which is characterized by fertility - the ability to nourish cultivated plants and contribute to their maturation. Agriculture is impossible without soil, because many crops are cultivated on it, from which food is prepared for humans and for livestock feed. How useful and nutritious these products will be depends on the quality and condition of the soil, on its care, top dressing and watering.
The chernozem soils rich in humus (humus) are considered the most effective for agriculture. Soil formation is a long and complex process, which is the result of the influence of winds and oxygen on the parent rock, the accumulation of decaying material of organic origin. If even a slight contamination of the soil occurs, it is restored for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully and carefully treat the earth.
Meanwhile, agricultural land as a result of an inattentive attitude towards them is gradually losing fertility, the amount of humus is rapidly decreasing. A person seeks to get as much as possible from the soil, not taking into account the proven need for alternating cultivated crops on one land plot, “rest” of the field after a certain period of “labor”.
Soil contamination, erosion can occur not through a person’s fault, but from the constant destructive effects of winds and water. In general, soil erosion in recent decades has ceased to be only an agricultural problem and has acquired the scale of an environmental problem.
Repeated treatment causes soil contamination. For many years, various crops have been randomly grown on the same lands without introducing into the soil what it gives. Therefore, it is natural that the soil is depleted and can no longer fully perform its functions - to supply plants with nutritious nutrition, to filter waste and natural waters.
In order to preserve the soil as long as possible, it is necessary to scientifically and rationally approach its use and cultivation in order to increase fertility and obtain ecologically clean and healthy food from it. To do this, it is necessary to observe crop rotation, use advanced scientific achievements, light and efficient agricultural machinery, use chemicals as little as possible, and use biological farming methods instead
Chemical fertilizers and especially nitrates are serious sources of soil pollution. By themselves, these substances do not harm and cannot be a source of poisoning, on the contrary - plants use them to build cells, form chlorophyll. However, accumulating in the soil, nitrates enter the food, and then - into the human body. Here nitrates turn into nitrites and can enter into a chemical reaction with a component of the blood - hemoglobin. From this, methemoglobinemia develops - a disease whose symptoms are manifested in a decrease in pressure, a change in the shades of the mucous membranes and skin, and the formation of heart or lung failure.
Of no small importance is the contamination of the soil with oil products. This happens especially intensively near roads, gas stations, service stations, car parks. And in those places where oil is extracted, refined, transported, the level of soil contamination with oil products exceeds the permissible tens of times.
The systematic removal of waste of various origins to landfills leads to irrational land use, can cause serious pollution of the atmosphere, water, increased transportation costs and, of course, irreversible loss of valuable minerals in the soil.
